Unions Essays - Labour Relations, Economic History Of Canada

Unions P.1 "Unions are groups of working people who join to talk to employers about wages and conditions of work instead of workers talking to employers on an individual basis."1 Because they speak for everybody, unions can get a better deal for each worker than one employee could by negotiating with the employer. As seen in the short movie "WHY UNIONS?", non-unionized workers talks about the unfair treatment they experience in the work place. Through collective action, workers formed unions so they could have a voice in deciding wages, hours, working conditions and dealing with the many problems arises in the workplace. Unions are not just organizations trying to get more dollars and cents or better working conditions for people who hold union cards. People who don't enjoy the benefits of union protection get benefits too. "The labour movement was in the forefront of the struggles for public health care, for public education, for minimum wages, holidays and employment conditions."2 1 D. Ma rtin, Form War To Peace, Canadian Labour Congress, Quebec, 1991, P.17 2 Notes On Unions, Canadian Labour Congress, Quebec, 1992, P.1 P.2 UNION NOWADAYS "Unions are like businesses: their success depends upon attracting and retaining buyers (new members). Recently, one of the major problems faced by the union movement is that few Canadians understand what services unions come into public."3 The public also don't know the union is also helping Canada in other parts of areas such as economy, etc. The public think that the only time unions come into the public's eye is as a result of strike or withdrawal of services. This is because of the impressed strikes held by the union workers. The memorable one would be the strike held by the Toronto Transit Commission workers back in September 1991. The lack of transportation resulted in inconveniences among the public. The Canadian public becomes upset over conflict. The strikes make the public forget about the contributions of unions in other areas. "From a marketing perspective, the union movement has positioned itself like the nuclear industry -- it receives attention only when it is about to blow up, melt or leak."4 Five important needs for union movements are: 3 Alistair Davidson and Ian Mckinnon, "Unions need to study marketing," The Globe and Mail, May 8 1984, Business section, P.8 4 D. D. Carter, Canadian Industrial Relations In The Year 2000, Industrial Relations Centre, Kingston, 1992, P.50 P.3 1) job preservation 2) health preservation in the workplace 3) day-care 4) retraining 5) financial negotiations on behalf of members "Union leaders and members must become as sophisticated as management to support the attempt by Canadian business to survive fierce international competition."5 There are about four million members of Canadian unions and 10.5 million members of co-operatives. There are two choices: traditionally, unions have only tried to increase their members' standard of living by negotiating a higher wage, more benefits or fewer hours. "The union movement has played an important role in the past in the formation of new institutions such as credit unions. Today, new demands on the union movement will force it to examine its strategic choices."6 Above all, the union movement must structure itself to aid the survival of Canadian industry and Canadian jobs in a fiercely competitive world market. 5 Bryan D. Palmer, Solidarity: The Rise And Fall Of An Opposition In B. C., New Star Books, 1987, P.63 6 Peter Sinclair, Unemployment: Economic Theory And Evidence, Oxford Press, 1987, P.215 P.4 CANADIAN LABOUR CONGRESS At the national level, the "organization of unions" is the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC). The CLC is the central body in Canada and is composed of about 85 national and international unions representing about 2.2 million workers. LABOUR'S SOCIAL OBJECTIVES "The social objectives of the Canadian labour movement are a reflection of the aims and desires of a large segment of the country's working population."7 In some ways, the objectives are related to the economy. The objectives are: Health Programmes - the lack of available health care to all Canadians caused the labour movement to redouble its long-standing efforts to have a national medicare plan by which needed medical services would be available to all Canadians whatever their financial means. Medicare as a

Julia Alvarez, Famous Poet and Novelist Essay Example

Julia Alvarez, Famous Poet and Novelist Essay Example Julia Alvarez, Famous Poet and Novelist Paper Julia Alvarez, Famous Poet and Novelist Paper Julia Alvarez is a famous world-wide poet and novelist. She was raised in the Dominican Republic, which is why most of her poems and novels are written in Spanish. One of her most famous novels is called In the time of the Butterflies, which is based on her flee to the United States, from the underground, where the three Mirabel sisters were murdered. The hardships of coming into the country, and without knowing the language is what is said to be the main reason of why she began to start writing. Julia Alvarez is more of a famous author than a poet. Therefore, she doesn’t have very many poetry books, or poems put on the internet. I did find five poems that stuck out to me more than her other ones, though. The first poem is called â€Å"Household Riddle†. I despise poetry, but this poem actually got my attention as I was reading it, unlike many other poems. I think this poem is funny because it is mostly talking about the riddle, â€Å"Which came first, the chicken or the egg? † which is a funny little riddle that everyone knows. The second poem that I found is called â€Å"Hairwashing†. This poem is about how her mother used to wash her hair when ever she misbehaved, to rinse out all of the bad. I picked to do this poem because I could really picture this happening, and it reminded me of how some mothers would wash their kids’ mouths out with soap. Another poem that I’ve chosen, which is my personal favorite, is called â€Å"Against Cinderella†. This poem kind of analyzes the story of Cinderella, and it asks questions that it knows we’ve all been thinking all of these years. One line in the poem says, â€Å"I can’t believe only one woman in that town had that size foot, could fit into that shoe. † We all know we’ve wondered this too, but we just always went along with it. I like this poem; it’s cute and funny, and in a way sarcastic. The last two poems I chose are called â€Å"Dusting† and â€Å"Storm Windows†. The main reason I chose to do these poems is because they were short, and they were one of the very few poems I could find written by Julia Alvarez. I do kind of like the poem â€Å"Dusting† because the main character says she likes to write her name on the dusty cabinet every morning, and I remember I used to like to write my name in the dust when I was little, too. On the other hand, I have no idea what the poem â€Å"Storm Windows† is about. The only reason I chose it was because it was short. Overall, I regret picking Julia Alvarez as my poet. I, personally, don’t really like her poetry, and she must have not even have written that many poems because I can barely find anything on her. Also, I don’t understand why a lot of her poems are about housekeeping and chores. But, since I have to make the best out of this, I chose five poems that I thought were the best. I like to read something that will grab my interest, keep my attention, and maybe make me think a little bit, and I believe that the five poems that I have chosen do so. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996.

Violent Video Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Violent Video Games - Essay Example Playing video games has adverse effects especially to the players. This is because they spend most of their time sitting down playing video games. It may result to cases of obscenity because the children are not involving themselves in physical activities (Jamieson, Patrick & Daniel 425). Research has shown that, young men are affected more health wise than girls because they spend most of their time playing video games than girls do. Video games are easily accessed on the internet so young people play online with unknown adults and peers. According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, their research on violent video games effect on children shows that, video games make the kids impressionable. This is because these children involve themselves in playing video games at an age in which teenage brains are in the midst of growing. In this stage, the teenagers are wiring the circuits of relationship, self control and responsibility. This means that, what they acquire from t he violent video games they carry it to adulthood. This becomes their way of life and they do not see anything wrong in practicing what they see in the violent video games.   Research has shown that, video games activate the anger of the young kids this is as a result of playing the violent video games (Anderson et al 39).Video games dampen the brain conscience and children only think violence is the only way to survive. Thus do not even care about hurting people because their brain is dampened by the violent video games.... According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, their research on violent video games effect on children shows that, video games make the kids impressionable. This is because these children involve themselves in playing video games at an age in which teenage brains are in the midst of growing. In this stage, the teenagers are wiring the circuits of relationship, self control and responsibility. This means that, what they acquire from the violent video games they carry it to adulthood. This becomes their way of life and they do not see anything wrong in practicing what they see in the violent video games. Research has shown that, video games activate the anger of the young kids this is as a result of playing the violent video games (Anderson et al 39).Video games dampen the brain conscience and children only think violence is the only way to survive. Thus do not even care about hurting people because their brain is dampened by the violent video games. Another research gro up the American Psychological Association after their research, they observed that, playing video games makes the children less caring and helpful especially towards their age mates. Children play violent video games at a stage in which they are supposed to learn how to relate to the members of the society positively or in the correct manner. At this stage they are also supposed to learn how to solve conflicts once they arise, but when they dedicate most of their time playing the violent video games they do not even learn how they should learn to leave peacefully with the members of the society. As a result of this, even in their adult life they do not even know how to solve conflicts once they arise leading to

Comparison and Contrast of Republican and Democrats Assignment

Comparison and Contrast of Republican and Democrats - Assignment Example There are many different opinions on issues between Republicans and Democrats. The opinions range from health care, taxes, military, abortion, and foreign policy. There has been a long history between the two parties. The history dates back to the late 1700s and middle 1800s. The founding of the two parties marked the beginning of the debating. Americans were forced to choose sides. The side that you chose says a lot about what your beliefs, values and your difference in philosophy are. The Republicans are generally considered conservative, pro-business and against bureaucracy. The party was founded in 1854 by President Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican President during the anti-slavery expansion and American Civil War. Republicans follow traditional values which focus on unified families such as biblical foundations, moral codes, and values that are passed down from generation to generation. The Democrats are liberal and favor, government, society, equality, are against discrimination and environmentally conscious. The foundation of the Democratic Party dates back to before American independence from British Rule in 1792 and was organized by Thomas Jefferson. Democrats believe in each having an obligation in our community, each other and family. They pay remembrance to ancestors, slavery, immigrants and the belief that status and wealth does not entitle one to rule. Republicans are strong in Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma whereas, Democrats are strong in California and Massachusetts. Economically the Republicans favor that taxes should not be increased for anyone especially the wealthy and wages should reflect the market. Democrats, on the other hand, favor the poor, minimum wages and tax increase in the wealthy.  Ã‚  

Floor Painting is the in Things Now-a-days Assignment

Floor Painting is the in Things Now-a-days - Assignment Example The colors scattered on the floor gave a very beautiful look and I was surprised to see this new art form on the floor. I had never seen such a thing earlier so it made me feel very good. I wanted to be a part of this activity so I asked one of the painters what he was painting. He told me that they were painting mother earth, with the figures of the planet and the earth in relation with one another. I enjoyed being there. The people gathered there to witness the activity were also surprised to see that such an event was taking place in front of their eyes. In fact, the whole scene was way too beautiful for me to envision and indeed understand. I asked many questions of the people who were present there. The artists were trying their best to paint the earth and its different colors. They were using the blue color for the water that is there in abundance on our planet and the other colors were used for the continents. There was a wide variety of colors spread on the floor which looked very astounding. I was happy to see positive enthusiasm within the people. It reflected their interest in the work that they were doing. It also spoke of their attachment to Mother Nature and anything that looked beautiful for their own sake. It is indeed our duty to make our earth look beautiful with each passing day (Marlin 1989). This activity was very enthralling in the sense that it made all of us feel happy and merry with delight and the colors that were spread all around made a jovial feel towards the activity that was going on. I stayed there for at least an hour and then I decided to take some snaps of the activity that was going on. I took a number of good-looking photographs and then I left the place with a feeling that there are still people present in this world, who want to do away with pollution.

The Taboo Subject Of Death

The Taboo Subject Of Death The Oxford English Dictionary defines Taboo as being a social or religious custom placing a ban or restriction on a particular thing or topic. The Adjective added to that definition was banned or restricted by social custom ( Oxford University Press 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006). For many people, death is a taboo subject in spite of the fact that it is of universal concern, but is this statement necessarily true across cultures and countries? This essay will explore both the topical statement and the question. We will look at death from a brief historical context and how, if at all, the passage of time has altered the perception and the acceptance of death. We will take a look at two research studies undertaken in the United Kingdom and in the United States and then look at New Zealands diverse multi cultural society. Does a different cultural perspective of death change when absorbed into a western culture? We will also show that whilst death is still a taboo subject in some cultures, i t is more the inability of people to be comfortable in dealing with the terminally ill and our awkwardness in accepting that death is the inevitable end to our physical life as we know it. Coupled with this, is the fear of the great unknown and these three factors combine to contribute to our unwillingness to talk about of death, rather than death being a taboo subject per say. The fact is, is that we just dont know how. Space is often described as the final frontier. But could death be defined within the same context? Often, the subject of death is easier to discuss in general terms rather than on a personal level. Some of the factors that may give reason to this are as follows: Death in the media may often be portrayed as being violent, traumatic or speedy. This image usually involves some disaster or trauma in order to become newsworthy. In contrast, most real-life deaths are usually un-newsworthy, but this may lead to the developing of a stereotyped view of death that relates to the media image, rather than reality. Today death is not usually encountered on a personal level as frequently as history portrays, or in some other cultures outside of our western world. Science has reduced the incidence of infant mortality and there is a greater perception that technology will also prolong our life as well. There is a reduction in the spiritual belief of an afterlife. Death may now be seen as a final event and hence, becomes a more difficult subject to discuss. Families now tend to be separated and there are not the same support systems as in the past. Different bereavements and factors can affect a persons acceptance. Denial protects the individual from the initial impact of the loss. Not just the individual, but whole groups and societies deny. From a historical perspective, one can begin to see how patterns of Denial within societies changes over time and influences the present. * Lendrum, S. Syme, G. Gift of Tears, (second edition, 2004). During the period of the great Roman Empire, death was common place and more often than not, a public spectacle. The question was not of when they would die; it was more one of how. Would it be through natural causes, or, if their crime was worthy of such a death, crucifixion or rotting in some Roman dungeon. Maybe they would be promoted to the position of Gladiator. At least then they would only have to face war chariots, lions, or the choice of a blood thirsty crowd if they survived at all. And the Roman Legion was not much better. In Medieval times, death was perceived as a much greater presence than in todays societies. Not surprisingly, life expectancy was about half of that today. People had to be prepared to face death. And death was more likely to be violent, cruel and extremely painful. *Lendrum, S. Syme, G. Gift of Tears, (second edition, 2004). Death was unpredictable and uncontrollable. People had to live with a greater awareness of death around them and of their own mortality. There was always the constant reminder of death in the midst of life. One could not deny the existence of death and were forced to be more prepared to meet their deaths than today. In the last century death crossed over two distinct boundaries. With the occurrence of World Wars 1 2, Vietnam, Korea, China, Afghanistan and China, you had the violent deaths of both combatants and civilians alike. Civilians had to try and carry on with their lives as best they could and at the same time, knowing that this day could be their last. And for those left at home, it wasnt overly better. Not that they were openly threatened with death, but had, to a certain extent, live with a living death. trying to live a reasonably normal life, yet constantly living in the fear of whether or not their loved one would return. Admittedly, death within the context of the above is portrayed in somewhat violent and uncertain terms but throughout, there are three poignant observations that arise: 1/ There are those that live with death face to face on a daily basis. 2/ There are those that live in a somewhat removed position from the turmoil of what is happening. Not isolated but knowing that at some stage they will have to face reality. 3/ Death is something that we will all face head on. The question is, do we acknowledge our mortality and learn to be open about it, or do we hide from the reality and repress our innermost fears? In their book Awareness of dying, Glaser and Strauss (2005), researched the average Americans attitude to death and dying. One key point that they found was the strangely paradoxical attitude that revealed itself. Whilst Americans were seemingly able to accept that death was an everyday affair in that on a daily basis, newspapers confronted the brutal fact of death directly (from front page headlines to back page funeral notices, someone was always dying somewhere), they generally seemed to prefer to talk about a particular death rather than about death in the abstract. Characteristically, Americans are unwilling to talk openly about the process of dying itself and also prone to not telling a dying person that they are dying. This, in part, is a moral attitude life is preferable to whatever may follow it. One should not look forward to death. Feifel, H. Death, (as cited in Farberow, N.L., 1963). Social and Psychological problems involved in terminality are perhaps most acute when the dying person knows that they are dying. For this reason, Physicians in America are quite reluctant to disclose impending death to their patients. Fieifel, H. Death, (1961, p 17). The problem of awareness is crucial as to what happens both to the dying patient and to the people who give medical and nursing care, as well as those supporting the patient. Whilst one view of awareness is a technical one: should the patient be told they are dying and what is to be done if they dont know or only suspect, there is also a moral one involving professional ethics, social issues, and personal values. Should a dying person be denied the opportunity to make peace with their conscience and with their God, and to settle their affairs and provide for the future of their family? Do they have the right to control their style of dying, much as they controlled their style of living? Does anyone have the right to withhold such information? Fulton, R. Death and Self, (July 1964) In their article titled Dying Conversation Death remains a taboo subject among Brits (25th Sept. 2002), Norwich Union wrote the following: Death is a taboo subject when it comes to conversation. The topic is the most avoided conversation item for around 1 in 5 people nationwide. Women feel more at ease discussing the subject than men. Research also revealed that: .Death is seen as less of a taboo by the youngest (16 24) and oldest (65+), than all other age groups, while religion was the biggest conversational taboo among the 30 something group. .Both death and sex are considered equally taboo subjects by woman. .Death is seen as the biggest taboo by 24% of Londoners far more than anywhere else in Britain. .People in the Northwest are the most likely to openly discuss death only 12% of people asked described death as the biggest taboo. Forty eight percent of people questioned also said that they were treated differently by others after their friend or loved one died and nearly 54% said advice on how to support someone who has suffered bereavement would be useful. Research showed that 2 out of every 3 people in the UK have lost either a close family member or a friend in the last 3 years yet as a nation, we still find it extremely difficult to discuss death and to cope with bereavement. Does culture have any direct influence on how people handle death? In many cultures, there are taboos surrounding death do not touch a dead body least you inherit the disease; do not cremate the body as then the spirit will not rest and will return to persecute (the family). But are these taboos about openly discussing death or merely cultural beliefs as to how to treat the deceased. And what happens to such culture when absorbed into another, larger culture? Such is the case within New Zealand where the country boosts one of the highest cross cultural populations in the western world. For example and from a Maori perspective, serious illness, dying, death and grieving are among the most sacred and important in Maori life. Sanctity (tapu), Ceremony (kawa) and Language (reo), are intertwined in all of Maori life and traditions, and held in the highest regard. Unity, harmony and balance are central to their culture and are maintained through the systems of customary practices and the law of Tapu. For the Maori, serious illness or the process for a terminally ill person is very much a living, family (Whanau) affair. Relatives and friends gather daily beside the patient, either at home or at the hospital, each providing spiritual, moral, emotional and physical support for the patient and for the family. The interests of the patient and family are of paramount concern. Karakia (prayers and incantations) are an integral part and often both traditional Maori and modern Christian believes are combined and whilst traditional healing practices are still practiced, acknowledgement is given for the place and role of scientific medicine. Without great expansion on Maori culture and even given the current cultural climate, Maori traditions and practices continue to be an integral part of Maori life and will undoubtedly continue to be so. It is, perhaps, one of the truly sacred and time honoured cultures that have withstood the test of time in what is basically, a strong western culture. Maori do not appear to have any taboos when it comes to the overall aspect of sickness and Death. In fact, they seem to embrace and encompass it within their Tapu and Kawa. Keene, L. A race nearly lost, (1989, June). Ngata, N.P. Death, dying and grief: a Maori perspective, (1986). Other cultural groups within New Zealand have very similar views and practices in their attitude towards death and dying. In the case of either serious illness and/or in dealing with the terminally ill, it is very much a strong family time with both practical and spiritual/moral support being on constant avail. Of one major exception is that of the Niueans. For them, death is regarded as taboo. Discussion of death amongst themselves or with the dying is forbidden unless the dying raises their impending death. However though, within the same context, the family and friends of the dying/seriously ill person will maintain a constant bedside vidual. People have always grappled with the meaning of death. This was probably mitigated during the Middle Ages by a belief in an afterlife a belief that death was not the end and that the soul moved to another place. Christianity and other faiths expand on this belief. This discomfort about death has lead to shame and embarrassment and an avoidance of talking or writing about death. Euphemisms are often used, especially when talking to children. Such euphemisms as: Snuffed it; Kicked the bucket; Passed away/on; Pushing up daisies; all serve to distance ourselves from the effects of death. We experience great uncomfortableness in attempting to talk to the terminally ill, even if they are family. Out of shear awkwardness, we may say nothing at all and in doing so deprive both ourselves and the dying person of physical touch, words of comfort, and the recognition and emotional connectedness that we all desire. The very words and the valuable proof of our affection and tenderness go unsaid. Hockey, J. (1990, as cited in Lendrum, S. Syme, G., 2004). Freud et al, (as cited in Lendrum, S. Syme, G. 2004), pointed out the connection between the fear of death and the feeling of guilt. Putting into a simple example, Adam and Eve were immortal in Paradise but once they had sinned, became mortal and were condemned to die. That death was punishment for evil committed. The notion that death is a punishment could be used as a way of trying to make sense of death. This same notion could also have contributed to our fear of death and in turn, our guilt. Guilt is a strong emotion that is almost always experienced both by the dying and by those who survive. Not only are the feelings of if only I had.., I only wish that I .., experienced, but even in death, the deceased can be tainted with guilt by those who can find no better way of dealing with their own guilt and fears..Aids is caused by promiscuity..serves them right! An awareness of this might allow us to understand the value of confession and forgiveness. As a personal comment, I have experienced more than 15 deaths in my 53 years of life. These include both of my birth Parents (I was adopted at birth), My Parents, My first real girlfriend (as a result of a plane crash), and numerous motor vehicle accidents involving death where I just happened to be first on the scene. In particular, I recall the deaths of my Father and Mother. My Father died as a result of lung cancer, at home in 1968. I was 12 years old. Throughout the period of 8 months including major lung surgery, my Mother never once said anything to myself or my brother about Dads impending death. In fact we didnt really comprehend it until the day that Dad wasnt at home anymore and the house was totally silent. My mother died from cancer in a Hospice at Lower Hutt. I was 34 and in my first marriage. Mum had been living with my then wife and me for 6 months prior and when she finally died, I wasnt even present. I had struggled to talk to her or even my wife of her death and took solace in alcohol big time. In conclusion, throughout the research of this topic I have found that there are certainly some situations and circumstances in which the subject of death is taboo. However, I am personally of the belief that it is not that the subject is taboo per say; it is more the case of that we just dont know how to speak of, let alone handle death. Society is slowly changing in both the dialogue of, and the acceptance of death on deaths terms, but in saying that, I firmly believe that we, as New Zealand Europeans, can learn a lot from the vast array of other cultures within our country. The question is..Do we want to

Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations is a very enjoyable book for the reader for many reasons. Overall, Great Expectations is a novel that effectively depicts the emotions and feelings of the characters in the story and has a plot that maintains the reader’s interest. These elements, along with others help to make the novel appealing for the reader. When young boy by the name of Philip Pirrup (referred to a Pip by all that know him) encounters an escaped convict in a churchyard, he is extorted to get food and a file for the man. Once Pip retrieves these items for the man, he learns that the man is in fact, an escaped convict. Pip, although being only seven at the time, was part of the group that apprehended the convict. For a few years following this event, Pip frequently visited extremely wealthy old women named Miss Havisham. In the process, he falls in love with the woman’s adopted daughter named Estella. She, however, despises him for being common and not a gentleman and she frequently puts him down and, on one occasion, causes him to cry. After about a year of providing company, she tells him not to visit her any more and pays him for his services. Soon after, Pip is told that his prior plans to be a blacksmith (he was apprenticed to his brother-in-law) were not to be and that he had come into Great Expectations. His benefactor was to remain a secret until the person revealed himself or herself, but Pip was certain that it was Miss Havisham. Pip was very happy not only because his new wealth but also because he was certain that he was to marry Estella whom he still loved. Pip moved to London where he befriended his new tutor’s son and his guardian’s co-worker. Pip was quite shocked, however, when he found his benefactor to be not Miss Havisham, but rather the same man who Pip helped to apprehend when he was a convict. Also his sister, who had raised him since his parents died when he was very young, had died due to an attack she had suffered months before. This devastated him in that he would no longer be wed to Estella. When he professed his love to her, he learned that she was to be married to a person whom he despised. Pip later discovered that his benefactor, named Magwitch was the real father of Estella.

Musical Instruments Speech Essay

The Chinese philosopher Confucius said long ago that â€Å"Music produces a kind of pleasure which human nature cannot do without. † Being able to play any musical instrument is extremely satisfying. This includes everyone from the person who has mastered her instrument right down to the beginner who knows only a few chords. I personally believe that if there’s one thing you should learn in your lifetime, it’s how to play an instrument. Learning to play a musical instrument offers a lot of benefits and can bring joy to you and to everyone around you.. Here the four most important benefits of playing instruments: The first benefits, is that playing a musical instrument makes you smarter. Playing an instrument helps the mind to be alert and remain active eventually helping to sharpen the memory. Learning an instrument requires you to learn about tones and scores which increase your ability to store audio information. According to an article from The Telegraph online magazine, â€Å"New research suggests that regularly playing an instrument changes the shape and power of the brain and may be used in therapy to improve cognitive skills. There is continually more evidence that musicians have organizationally and functionally different brains compared to non-musicians, especially in the areas of the brain used in processing and playing music. These parts of the brain that control motor skills, hearing, storing audio information and memory become larger and more active when a person learns how to play an instrument and can apparently improve day to day actions such as being alert, planning and emotional perception. And according to Lutz Jancke, a psychologist at the University of Zurich, said: â€Å"Learning to play a musical instrument has definite benefits and can increase IQ by seven points, in both children and adults. † For children especially we found that learning to play the piano for instance teaches them to be more self-disciplined, more attentive and better at planning. All of these things are very important for academic performance, so can therefore make a child brighter. The second benefits, is that playing a musical instruments relieves stress. Playing any instrument can actually help release the endorphins in your body, which will also result in reduced levels of stress Playing music naturally can soothe not only others, but the musician as well, not only the actual sound of the instrument, but also the release of creativity and emotion, as well as the simple vibration of an instrument against a player’s body can significantly lower a musician’s stress level.. The study’s principal investigator, Barry Bittman, M. D. f the Mind-Body Wellness Center in Meadville, PA, says these unique findings not only shed new light on the value of active music participation, but also extend our understanding of individualized human biological stress responses on an unprecedented level. Most people would be very surprised at just how easily their stress and problems can be forgotten while playing their instrument on a quiet evening. There are no pressures or expectations while playing. This creates a perfect environment for relieving stress, along with the joy and relaxation of listening to your own musical creations. The third benefits, is that playing musical instruments enhances an individual’s ability to recognize emotion in sound. The musicians had a heightened response to the complex portion of the sound, where the frequency rapidly changes. When the musicians heard the simple sections of the sound they had lower responses. Musicians showed enhanced responses to the most acoustically complex portion of the stimulus and decreased activity to the more periodic, less complex portion. the musicians conserve neural resources while processing simpler sounds (economy) and deploy them to more thoroughly respond to complex sounds (enhancement). The study found that the more years of musical training and the earlier the age in which the musical studies began, the more enhanced their nervous systems were to process emotion in sound. Historically, it has been thought that the auditory brainstem is fixed, that information flows through without changing any of the circuits. According to Kraus’ research shows that it is not only trainable, but more malleable than previously thought. Scientists know that emotion is carried less by the linguistic meanings of words than by the way the sound is communicated. Kraus’ work reveals that brain changes involved in playing a musical instrument enhance one’s ability to detect subtle emotional cues in conversation. And last most important benefits of playing instruments, is that playing a musical instrument is fun. Everybody enjoys hearing music, but the people who make the music have the most fun. Once you get better playing your chosen musical instrument, you will be able to demonstrate what you have been learn to your families and friends that gives you fun and enjoyment. The songwriter Bob Dylan has written numerous well-known songs using only a few chords. There is nothing like the feeling of suddenly walking into a room and playing a song you just learned or wrote for a friend. You don’t have to be Beethoven to appreciate the benefits. And it is nothing but fun to sit down with a couple of friends and play and sing a song. In this camaraderie there is an endless amount of discovery and laughs to be had. The sound you’re making rises and falls, singing in the voice of the instrument. But it’s not really the instrument that’s making those great sounds—it’s you! It’s fun, even when you play by yourself. Playing in a group is even better because other players are sharing the fun. There’s no way to have all that fun than for you to be the person who is playing the music! As you can see, playing a musical instrument has many benefits and hopefully that will motivate you to keep on practicing and always hold music in high esteem. Whenever you come across challenges as a musician, think about the end results and always remind yourself of all the great reasons you love to play. I’ll leave you with an inspiring quote by jazz saxophonist and composer Charlie Parker who once said, â€Å"Music is your own experience, your thoughts, your wisdom. If you don’t live it, it won’t come out of your horn. †

Profile of Spanish Dictator Francisco Franco

Profile of Spanish Dictator Francisco Franco Francisco Franco, the Spanish dictator and general, was perhaps Europes most successful fascist leader because he actually managed to survive in power until his natural death. (Obviously, we use successfully without any value judgment, were not saying he was a good idea, just that he curiously managed not to get beaten on a continent which saw a vast war against people like him.) He came to rule Spain by leading the right-wing forces in the civil war, which he won with Hitler and Mussolinis help and came to cling on by surviving against many odds, despite the brutality and murder of his government.   Early Career of Francisco Franco Franco was born into a naval family on Dec. 4  1892. He wanted to be a sailor, but a reduction in admissions to the Spanish Naval Academy forced him to turn to the army, and he entered the Infantry Academy in 1907 aged 14. Upon completing this in 1910, he volunteered to go abroad and fight in Spanish Morocco and did so in 1912, soon winning a reputation for his ability, dedication, and care for his soldiers, but also one for brutality. By 1915 he was the youngest captain in the entire Spanish army. After recovering from a serious stomach wound he became second-in-command and then commander of the Spanish Foreign legion. By 1926 he was brigadier general and a national hero. Franco had not taken part in the coup of Primo de Rivera in 1923, but still became director of a new General Military Academy in 1928. However, this was dissolved following a revolution which expelled the monarchy and created the Spanish Second Republic. Franco, a monarchist, stayed largely quiet and loyal and was restored to command in 1932 - and promoted in 1933 - as a reward for not staging a right-wing coup. After being promoted to Major General in 1934 by a new rightist government, he savagely crushed a rebellion of miners. Many died, but he had raised his national reputation still further among the right, although the left hated him. In 1935 he became Chief of the Central General Staff of the Spanish Army and began to reforms. The Spanish Civil War As divisions between the left and the right in Spain grew, and as the country’s unity unraveled after a left-wing alliance won power in elections, Franco appealed for a state of emergency to be declared. He feared a communist takeover. Instead, Franco was sacked from the General Staff and sent to the Canary Islands, where the government hoped he was too far away to start a coup. They were wrong. He eventually decided to join the planned right-wing rebellion, delayed by his sometimes mocked caution, and on July 18,  1936, he telegraphed the news of a military rebellion from the Islands; this was followed by a rising on the mainland. He moved to Morocco, took control of the garrison army, and then landed it in Spain. After a march towards Madrid, Franco was chosen by the nationalist forces to be their head of state, due in part to his reputation, distance from political groups, the original figurehead had died, and partly because of his new hunger to lead. Franco’s nationalists, aided by German and Italian forces, fought a slow, careful war which was brutal and vicious. Franco wanted to do more than win, he wanted to ‘cleanse’ Spain of communism. Consequently, he led the right to complete victory in 1939, whereupon there was no reconciliation: he drafted laws making any support for the republic a crime. During this period his government emerged, a military dictatorship supported, but still separate and above, a political party which merged Fascists and Carlists. The skill he exhibited in forming and holding together this political union of right-wing groups, each with their own competing visions for post-war Spain, has been called ‘brilliant’. World War and Cold War The first real ‘peacetime’ test for Franco was the start of World War 2, in which Franco’s Spain initially lent towards the German-Italian Axis. However, Franco kept Spain out of the war, although this was less to do foresight, and more the result of Franco’s innate caution, Hitler’s rejection of Franco’s high demands, and a recognition that the Spanish military was in no position to fight. The allies, including the US and Britain, gave Spain just enough aid to keep them neutral. Consequently, his regime survived the collapse and total defeat of his old civil-wartime supporters. Initial post-war hostility from the western European powers, and the US – they viewed him as the last fascist dictator – was overcome and Spain was rehabilitated as an anti-communist ally in the Cold War. Dictatorship During the war, and during the early years of his dictatorship, Franco’s government executed tens of thousands of â€Å"rebels†, imprisoned a quarter of a million, and crushed local traditions, leaving little opposition. Yet his repression loosened slightly over time as his government continued into the 1960s and the country transformed culturally into a modern nation. Spain also grew economically, in contrast to the authoritarian governments of Eastern Europe, although all this progress was more due to a new generation of young thinkers and politicians than to Franco himself, who became increasingly distant from the real world. Franco also became increasingly viewed as above the actions and decisions of subordinates who took the blame went things went wrong and earned an international reputation for developing and surviving. Plans and Death In 1947 Franco had passed a referendum which effectively made Spain a monarchy headed by him for life, and in 1969 he announced his official successor: Prince Juan Carlos, eldest son of the leading claimant to the Spanish throne. Shortly before this, he had allowed limited elections to parliament, and in 1973 he resigned from some power, remaining as head of the state, military, and party. Having suffered from Parkinson’s for many years – he kept the condition secret - he died in 1975 following a protracted illness. Three years later Juan Carlos had peacefully reintroduced democracy; Spain had become a modern constitutional monarchy. Personality Franco was a serious character, even as a child, when his short stature and high pitched voice caused him to be bullied. He could be sentimental over trivial issues, but exhibited an icy coldness over anything serious, and appeared capable of removing himself from the reality of death. He despised communism and Freemasonry, which he feared would take over Spain and disliked both east and west Europe in the post-World War II world.

Business plan for an Online Art Gallery The WritePass Journal

Business plan for an Online Art Gallery Task 1 Business plan for an Online Art Gallery Task 1Task 2Project plan for the site development:Task 3Market Analysis:Target Market: The Competition for the art gallery:Marketing Plan for the art gallery:Meeting Customer Needs:Quality vs. Quantity of the art gallery:Buying policy of the art gallery:Payment methods not allowed on the art gallery site:Promotional activities for the art gallery:Market segmentation for the art gallery:Task 41. The returns policy that will apply for the art gallery is given below:2. The regions and/or the countries that the gallery will deliver to;3. What the cost of deliveries will be:Task 5PresentationTask 6Task 71. Buyer Protection for the art gallery2. Buyer eligibility and other restrictions3. Fraudulent charges not coveredPayment methods not allowed on eBay:Reference:Related Task 1 You need to do some research to familiarise yourself with the subject area and to gain some ideas about how you can carry out the rest of the project. There are a number of websites that specialise in the sale of paintings and craft items. Use a maximum of 1 hour to review these resources. Bookmark the relevant sites and make notes of information that you can use in your assignment. Business Plan for the Online Art Gallery starts in the internet. Art gallery business is no different business than the other business that happens in the internet. Now a day various established galleries have adapted to this internet medium and number of  Ã‚   new business are rapidly developed across world in the internet business. Internet has opened the art business as various major barriers are demolished –distance area and limitation of demand and wants choices by the customer. In past if someone has to buy art material they have to reach to the place where that particular art is located and second thing is there was limitation of choices. lot of time and traveling expenses also beard by the customer .Now if any one like to purchase an European painting they are not failed by choices nor have to go to Europe. The rapid growth level of prosperity in the foreign countries has also given a dimension to the art industry across the world, as more and more people now a day c an afford to collect of their prospective and desired products within a short time period if the place of the produced product not in their country boundary. For an example10000 people   of America can   seeing and buying paintings, drawing, prints, sculptures and photographs by artists of almost all periods from the   organized exhibition by the Art gallery situated in the USA. Various Artists are now look for avenues on internet to sell their products and try to get benefit than the analog system of buying and selling the product. Though every artist has no personal website as selling their product to customers is one of the lacings of online marketing. The online site of art gallery will provide a instant platform for artists and will help in selling their product. Task 2 Produce a project plan for the way you intend to complete the rest of this assignment. For planning, use the timescale you have been allocated for this assignment i.e.   from   the   date   you   start   to   the   date   you submit your assignment. Submit a copy of your plan to your tutor BEFORE you proceed further with the assignment. Project plan for the site development: The site development procedure start from the 11th July and the completion date possibly 2 month later from the starting date. The project plan include the resource allocation for the site development, feasibility study for the market, marketing strategy development and implementation, action plan for the project, termination of the project, project funding etc. Gant chart of the project: Particular 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days feasibility study site development Marketing strategy development action plan the project termination project funding Task 3 Marketing plans are detailed strategies of how to go about successfully marketing a product or products and earning a projected amount of return from the effort. A comprehensive marketing plan will consider such important elements as distribution costs, production costs, advertising expenses and any expense related to identifying and marketing the products to the consumers in the targeted markets. The marketing plan may focus on strategies related to the upcoming twelve-month period, the next calendar year, or include a span of three to five years into the future. The art gallery currently takes a commission of 30% on the price of each painting that they sell and, on average,   sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   by   each   artist   per   month.   The owner believes that it will be possible to set up similar commission deals with the craftspeople. The possible marketing plan for the project of the art gallery: Products and Services for the art gallery: The existing products for the art gallery are given below: Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery. Market Analysis: The market analysis explains the market situation and the opportunity and the threat of the market. It is one of the parts of industry analysis and this also the global environmental analysis for market. Through this market analyses the company or marketers can understand the chances, strengths, weaknesses and risks. The art gallery on the online is huge demand to the customer in the local as well as the worldwide. The online art gallery market is expanding day by day. The owner of the art gallery understand the situation by market analysis.by severing different site and the customer they realize that the customer wants to buy this kind of product that they provide in the art gallery. If they launch the online art gallery the local people and the global people can buy their product easily. But they have to consult with online art gallery and develop an effective site where the customer can sell and buy their product. This product has huge demand in the local market and also in the European market as well as global. Target Market: The art gallery provides Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery to the customers.so the potential customer are available mainly artist, art loving people, and all kinds and all level of people who want to but this product. The Jewellery customers mainly are the female person. The Competition for the art gallery: There are many established online gallery in the market .so the new market entrance the gallery should follow the strategy to market growth and expansion policy. The main competitors of this gallery are E-bay, Picasa, slideshow, picture gallery, global art gallery, and so on. Marketing Plan for the art gallery: The art gallery currently takes a commission of 30% on the price of each painting that they sell and, on average,   sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   by   each   artist   per   month.   The owner believes that it will be possible to set up similar commission deals with the craftspeople. Meeting Customer Needs: Our customers require fresh Pottery, Wood sculptures, Glassware, Jewellery. The system for establishing customer needs is based on the product offering of our competitors. Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery demand in the market is huge and the customer may purchase from the site if the site is launched  .the site develop such a way that meet the all demand of the customer. The site develops such a way that product quality and quantity is mentioned in the site. The owner of the gallery tries to meet the customer demand in high quality and provide the mentioned demand from the customer. Quality vs. Quantity of the art gallery: the existing   artist sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   per   month. If the online art gallery is established then it would be possible to sell at least 30 painting for each artist per month initially. The art gallery site visitors make choice the art paints and the quantities of the product may increase to the site .there are 30 artists make the painting at about 1000 paintings including oil paintings and  Ã‚   sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery products at about 1500 made by the 40 artist in this gallery.so product quality and quantity of this art gallery is satisfactory for the launching the online art gallery. Buying policy of the art gallery: The art gallery if launch the site the possible payment methods listed below: By PayPal By ProPay By Moneybookers By Paymate By Credit card or debit card Payment methods not allowed on the art gallery site: In this site buyers can’t ask to sellers to the following things.it is the payment method of the art gallery.so their specific system of payment system To Send cash through the mail is not applicable To   Send cash or money orders through instant, point-to-point cash transfer services (that are not banks) such as Western Union or MoneyGram To Mail checks or money orders (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay through bank-to-bank transfers (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay by topping off a sellers prepaid credit or debit card To Pay using online or other payment methods not specifically permitted in this policy Promotional activities for the art gallery: the art gallery’s possible promotion al activities includes the advertising on the social network site life Facebook, Ayol, yahoo messenger, Google talk, Skype and so other site .some exhibition may arrange for the customer attraction to the product. Some completion may arrange for the customer in the online and gift them luxurious product. Potential domain names the potential domain name is the big factor to attract the people on the site .so the assistant of the site proposed the tree domain name for the site those are given below: global art gallery Vinci art gallery world art gallery Advertising and other r promotional cost for the site development: The art gallery estimate that the cost of the site development and advertising and other promotional activities. The competition of the various social site and gift given by the art gallery is about monthly cost $50.the advertising cost will be estimated at about $100.promotional activities of the art gallery cost will be the $50. Market segmentation for the art gallery: The art gallery segments the market in different areas such as the local area, global area, sub-local area and far area. The local areas segmented by the owner for the ease of the marketing delivery. Distribution channel of the art gallery globally segmented for the ease of the delivery. The main areas of the art gallery are given below: Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, and Mexico. Task 4 Produce   a   draft   of   a   Delivery   and   Returns   Policy   that   could   be   included   on   the   e-commerce   site.   In particular the policy should address the following issues: 1. The returns policy that will apply for the art gallery is given below: Item must be returned within Refund will be given as Return policy details 14 days after the buyer receives the products they delivered to the customer. Exchange 14 days warranty from the received date will applicable. Buyers are responsible for the returning shipping costs under any circumstances. Return items should include the original packaging and accessories. Refund occurs only when item is lost by the shipping company. Maximum refund amount will be the selling price; shipping cost will not be refund since it has been delivered. 2. The regions and/or the countries that the gallery will deliver to; Name of the worldwide country that the gallery want to deliver their product: The art gallery segments the market in different areas such as the local area, global area, sub-local area and far area. The local areas segmented by the owner for the ease of the marketing delivery. Distribution channel of the art gallery globally segmented for the ease of the delivery. The main areas of the art gallery are given below: Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, and Mexico. 3. What the cost of deliveries will be: The local delivery cost will about the product basis. And the quantity of the product differ the cost. The other country that the gallery wish to deliver the product also mention in the site by shipping cost and airline cost for the quick delivery. Task 5 Presentation Task 6 Produce   a   list   of   ten   key   questions   to   ask   prospective   e-commerce   suppliers,   who   will   be   required   to design, develop and host the new e-commerce site on behalf of the gallery owner. The questions should seek to establish that the successful company has the necessary skills, expertise and track record to ensure that they are capable of providing a high quality level of service. list   of   ten   key   questions   to   ask   prospective   e-commerce   suppliers,   who   will   be   required   to design, develop and host the new e-commerce site on behalf of the gallery owner. Q-1: What are the products graphics tools used in the site that related toll the customers need and wants. Q-2: what is the time line of the developing the site Q-3: what are the key material for the picture and other product photography? Q-4: is there any interaction to the site developer to the artist to manage attractive deign of the site? Q-5: what amount of money taken by the site developers? Q-6: how the customers of the art gallery access the site? Q-7: is there any privacy policy include the owner of the art gallery? Q-8: should the copyright information needed to the site developer? Q-19: what category and quality of the product should be maintained for competition in the market? Q-10: is there any improvement needed to the existing product? Task 7 Put together a briefing report of no more than 600 words that summarises three of the major types of auctions that can be held, together with the main advantages and disadvantages of each. The note should also include your recommendation on the type of auction that should be used as part of the e-commerce site if the gallery owner decides to go-ahead with this opportunity. There are three major types of auctions that can be held for the art gallery and those are given below: 1. Buyer Protection for the art gallery The art gallery makes sure that resolution process when buyers claim to sellers that their item was not received or the item they received was different from what was described in the listing. Help buyers and sellers resolve disputes in fewer steps, and provide buyers with a more familiar ecommerce resolution experience. Offer an option to contact the art gallery if buyers and sellers cant reach resolution themselves. They take a more active role in ensuring transaction problems are resolved. Someone may ask to help sending or paying for an item and they are not able to. The art gallery doesnt have the items that are sold on the site. They can ask a seller to send an item, or a buyer to pay for an item, but the art gallery cant send the item to the buyer or pay the seller. When a buyer or seller doesnt complete an obligation, they take it seriously and we may limit or suspend their account privileges. They work to make sure that members on the art gallery are honest and fair. 2. Buyer eligibility and other restrictions Buyers who have purchased items on the art gallery site are eligible for the Buyer Protection Policy. Buyers who file a case through the art gallery Buyer Protection, but who did not purchase an item on the art gallery, will be redirected to the existing resolution process for the site they used, if any Sellers will use the resolution process initiated by the buyer. Resolution responsibilities and protections are outlined on the site of registration. 3. Fraudulent charges not covered The Fraudulent charges to a credit card or a PayPal account are not covered by the art gallery Protection Policy. If notice any charge on the customers PayPal account that did not authorize, report should be in the PayPal Security Center. Fraudulent charges made through the credit card should be resolved with the credit card company. Payment methods not allowed on eBay: In this site buyers can’t ask to sellers to the following things.it is the payment method of the art gallery.so their specific system of payment system To Send cash through the mail is not applicable To   Send cash or money orders through instant, point-to-point cash transfer services (that are not banks) such as Western Union or MoneyGram To Mail checks or money orders (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay through bank-to-bank transfers (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay by topping off a sellers prepaid credit or debit card To Pay using online or other payment methods not specifically permitted in this policy Reference: http://portal.ebay.eu/msn-UK/  Ã‚   viewed on 24th June,2011 http://pages.ebay.com/securitycenter/index.html analysed on 24th June,2011 http://pages.ebay.com/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html analysed on 25th June,2011 ebayonlocation.com/ analysed on 26th June,2011 randomthink.net/misc/ebay/ analysed on 27th June,2011 kiwipainting.co.nz/ analysed on 21th June,2011 net-art.it/artyou/home-e.shtml viewed on 24th June,2011 mynewsletterbuilder.com/email-marketing/art-gallery viewed on 28th June,2011 http://artmarketingsecrets.com/2009/05/how-to-attract-galleries-to-your-art-website-part-5.html viewed on 22th June,2011 net-profit-marketing.com/marketing-online-art-gallery.html viewed on 29th June,2011 thesugarhousegallery.com/art-gallery-marketing-strategy/ analysed on 24th June,2011 http://artistmarketingsalon.wordpress.com/nyc-gallery-list/ analysed on 22th June,2011

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 50

Leadership - Essay Example All organizations should have a purpose that brings people together to work towards achieving it. It is the role of leaders to put human beings in the best environment to meet the objectives of the organization by proving to them all they need in order to accomplish the purpose of the organization (Burns, 2012). Groups are preferred to solve problems in organizations due to the fact that groups have a variety of talent and abilities that can be pooled together to solve the inherent problem amicably. However, the individuals in a group possess different skills and each one of them will try to utilize his/her own abilities to outshine the other in order to stand out as the most valued member of the group. In the process, the primary intention of group work that was meant to be cooperation turns out to be competition among individual members. In some instances the competition among group members turns out to be unhealthy as members will resort to utilizing uncouth techniques to outshine each other thus losing the core purpose of the team and in the long run the purpose that the team was meant for is not achieved (Burns,

American Lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Lit - Essay Example It then narrows down to the nations within that continent. Furthermore, it becomes more specific which is the battlefield and finally it talks of a specific ground or position. Then from that specific position, it goes to a much broader scope, larger than the continent – the world. Once again it centers on the specific nation, then back to the larger position which is the earth, another name for the world. The presentation of geography is deductive, starting from the broader position then gradually focusing on its smaller components until it points to the specific position they (speaker and audience) are in. From that specific position it goes to the largest dominion that is the world and emphasizing the position of that specific nation in the largest scope, the earth. It can be illustrated as a number of circles within a circle, beginning with a big circle then into diminishing diameters or dimensions of circles within that circle. From among the small circles stands out one small circle which is the nation that the speaker is talking about. This is a good way of stressing and highlighting one’s point. It sort of compares and contrasts the degree of the importance of each position presented. This use of emphasis in Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is indeed very effective. At first sight, without first reading the story, I guessed that the main character is Bartleby because the title of the story is his name. However, when I began to read the short story I became confused whether it is really Bartleby because there was so little known about him that the narrator has stated: â€Å"I believe that no material exist, for a full and satisfactory biography of this man† and that â€Å"Bartleby was one of those beings of whom nothing is ascertainable, except from the original sources, and, in his case, those are very small.† My doubts about Bartleby as the main character even increased as I continued to read