The American Counseling Association Is The Resource That...

Did you ever wake up and think how can I live up to the expectations of a licensed counselor? I know I do – everyday. Where are the resources that can guide me in the right directions when I am faced with a situation while practicing? The American Counseling Association is the resource that can provide me with tools that can facilitate my development as a future counselor. After I get my LCPC in the state of Maryland, I want to counsel children and adolescents with severe psychological trauma. The ACA website has an entire section on ‘trauma and disaster’ for children through adolescents. The American Counseling Association’s fact sheets provides various symptoms for children and adolescents that are experiencing trauma. According to the American Counseling Association’s Traumatology Interest Network and facilitator, Karin Jordan (2015) children exhibit different trauma related symptoms at different periods in their lives (ACA et al., 2015). While I am providing therapy as a new LCPC, my client may not explicitly say that they have undergone some sort of trauma, but may unknowingly talk about their symptoms. It will then be my responsibility to consult a colleague, or in this case, the ACA to better serve my client’s needs. I will study the specified age group symptoms, while comparing the symptoms of my client and continue with the diagnosis of trauma (ACA et al., 2015). Another resource that the ACA provides for counselors are self-care strategies (ACA, 2015). It isShow MoreRelatedThe American Of American Counseling Association967 Words   |  4 Pages Teacher, counselor, administrator and other educational personnel organizations are in place to help those in education with a wide variety of circumstances. Some organizations have been in existence for over a hundred years, some have thousands of members and others are unique in the membership and partnerships. Since I will be a future counselor soon, I have chosen to research the American Counseling Association. The American Counseling Association is unique in its creation because four separateRead MoreWhat You Need To Know About School Counseling. Brett Smith.1707 Words   |  7 Pages What You Need to Know About School Counseling Brett Smith Limestone College Introduction to Counseling Ms. Deal February 19, 2017 Abstract This paper explores the main characteristics of the school counseling career. To understand school counseling its history must be visited when it began in the 1800’s. This paper goes through the steps of licensure, education requirements, and typical therapy techniques adopted by today’s school counselors. To fully understand how to be the best atRead MoreThe Professional Identity of a Mental Health Counselor1583 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Professional Identity of a Mental Health Counselor Trineequa Gilbert Capella University Introduction The professional identity of a mental health counselor is extremely important. When it comes to finding your professional identity, it is important to weigh out all options to make sure that the profession that is chosen, is what one would see themselves doing for a long time. It is more so of asking oneself if they feel they qualify for the careerRead MoreProfessional Identity Paper1699 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Professional Identity of a Counselor-in-Training COUN5004 The Professional Identity of a Counselor-in-Training What is professional identity? Is it the philosophies that a professional holds regarding their profession? Is it the roles and characteristics that are required in a listing of their job description? Or is it related to the resources available for a working professional to continually develop their skills within their profession? Professional identity is all of theseRead MoreDeveloping Your Professional Identity Is Good For Any Profession1099 Words   |  5 Pages Developing your Professional Identity An effective professional identity is good for any profession, especially a counseling profession. When a person develops a professional identity it says who they are and what they stand for in that profession. It also says they know about that profession and could tell another anything they would like to know about that profession. When a person knows about there profession they can answer any questions they have about that profession. In this paper the authorRead MoreCoun 500 Personal Identity Paper1469 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional counselor and the differences between a professional counselor and other related professionals. It will also integrate how religious and spiritual beliefs can impact professional counseling. It will summarize my beliefs and values and what I plan to do so that I will not impose my beliefs on clients. Also, I will reflect on what I have learned during this course and how it will impact my future as a counselor. Professional Identity Section I: Professional Counselor Role TheRead MoreThe Importance of ASCA National Model Crosswalking Tools in Guidance Curriculums1373 Words   |  6 Pagesexemplary school counselor performance and accountability model for structuring a comprehensive guidance program. The ASCA National Model Crosswalking Tools can be used to develop the appropriate scope and sequence for a guidance curriculum.When implementing this tool correctly in a school system, there are major influences that can be utilized in helping students. In the paragraphs below I will describe key points of how it will improve student learning, foster student development of career awarenessRead MoreSocial And Cultural Diversity For Counseling Association For Alcoholism And Drug Abuse Counselors2002 Words   |  9 Pagesgroup can have significant differences in their values and perceptions of the world. Finally, this paper will state completely, with regard to every detail, how the American Counseling Association (ACA) and National Association for Alcoholi sm and Drug Abuse Counselors (NAADAC) codes of ethics will inform the practice of social and cultural diversity, the role of cultural sensitivity and communication styles in treatment, also how social and cultural diversity courses will help me in a future practiceRead MoreSchool Counseling Collaborative Model5757 Words   |  24 PagesThe school counseling profession has evolved over time into a collaborative model. This collaborative model involves teachers, school administrators, parents, counselors, other school personal, and community stakeholders. The first guidance program was developed in 1895. In 1926 New York became the first state to require guidance workers to be certified; in 1929 New York became the first state to have full time guidance workers. In 1952 the American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) was establishedRead MoreGuidance and Counseling Program Needs11909 Words   |  48 PagesGUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROGRAM NEEDS AS PERCEIVED BY SELECTED THIRD AND FOURTH YEAR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY LABORATORY SCHOOL A Special Topic Submitted to the Faculty of the Cavite State University In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education (Major in Guidance and Counseling) RIO MAY A. DEL ROSARIO September 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

The, The Roman Empire, And Councils Of The Early Church

Arius, the Roman Empire, and Councils of the Early Church Christianity came to a crossroads during the fourth century. Previously, there had been gaps in Church teaching, and so some people began to fill those gaps. One of those people was Arius. Arius was born in 256 A.D. in Libya, but moved to Alexandria, Egypt and became a presbyter there. He began to teach about Jesus as a creature created by God the Father, and so therefore not God. This was seen by many early Christians as a possibility, as there had not previously been any official teaching set, and many of them started to follow Arius. Though the Church experienced some struggle with this heresy, in the end it was made stronger because it was forced to set theological beliefs. The Christian Church was advanced in the fourth century through struggles with the Arian heresy, a drastic change in the Roman Empire, and the combination of the Empire and Church to combat heresy. Arius’ teaching called to question multip le beliefs of Christians that had not yet been established. First, Arius taught that God the Father is one, singular God.1 He derived this principle from the beliefs of Judaism, from which Christianity was born. According to Arius, God has some qualities that only he can possess2, making him uniquely alone and unequal to any other thing. One of those qualities possessed by God is that he is â€Å"ingenerate.† This means that he had no beginning in time: he always was. He is also perfect, which bringsShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Christianity Of Christianity892 Words   |  4 PagesOver the course of hundreds of thousands of years, Christianity and Catholicism have gone through tremendous changes through different major events in history. Ranging from the Council of Nicaea—the early church community prior to 1054—to the Spanish Colonization of the New World—prior to 1900—to the Second Vatican Council—after 1900—all of these events created waves of change in these religions and helped form them into what they are today. At the dawn of Christianity, many differing beliefs existedRead MoreThe Great Schism Of The Church1454 Words   |  6 PagesGrace Communion International logoGrace Communion International Login Search Home God Media Publications Our Story Our Churches Church Development Education Participate Online Giving The Great Schism of the Church 2005, 2015 July 6, 1054 was rapidly approaching, and the Christian world was about to experience a major event on the road to a schism that continues to our day — the divide between the Western and Eastern Christian churches. The central actors in the looming conflict were Michael CerulariusRead MoreThe World Of Antiquity, The Roman Empire Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesIn the world of antiquity, the Roman Empire (A.D. 117) was one of the roots of medieval Europe, where romans were at the top. They ruled this enormous amount of lands, the center being the city of Rome and the leader being the roman emperor. The empire’s extensive political, economic and social structure became vital to the heritage of the Ancient Civilization. The emergence of sustainable agriculture, primitive technology, scholarly writing and reading, and metalworking had developed stability,Read MoreThe Smyrna Church, Ad 100-300 Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pages (AD 70– ¬156) – The Smyrna Church, AD 100–300 A Brief Biography of Polycarp Born about AD 70, Polycarp was an apostolic father known from Smyrna. Not much is recorded about his younger life, but according to tradition, he was mentored by the Apostle John. Later, Polycarp became the bishop of Smyrna which is in modern-day Turkey. His only known surviving writing was an epistle to the church at Philippi which revealed that he had little formal education and evidenced his humility and straightforwardnessRead More Q: European monarchs of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuri848 Words   |  4 Pages In northern Europe after the Middle Ages, monarchies began to build the foundations of their countries that are still in affect today. During the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries these â€Å"New Monarchs† made many relevant changes in their nations. During the middle of the fifteenth century Europe was affected by war and rebellion, which weakened central governments. As the monarchies attempted to develop into centralized governments on ce again, feudalism’s influence was lessened. 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Celibacy is on a voluntary bases and never to be forced upon anyone. c) The Catholic Church does impose celibacy on its priest. Recently some of Eastern Catholic Church have allowed for their priest to marry. The Latin Roman CatholicRead MoreThe During The Age Of Reformation Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pagesof Reformation people were greatly against the abuses that existed in the Roman Catholic Church. A couple of abuses that were greatly stressed were the selling of indulgences, simony, and nepotism. It was some of these same abuses that prompted German reformist Martin Luther to write his 95 Theses. And for the Council of Trent to later address them in a series of meetings. The most criticized abuse of the Roman Catholic Church was the selling of indulgences by the pope. Indulgences permitted peopleRead MoreHow Christianity Changed Between The First Century And Its Legalization1036 Words   |  5 Pagesspreading the teachings of Christ throughout the Roman Empire and beyond. 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However many of them did not believe

Nike Business Essay Free Essays

string(97) " markets are reaching saturation, new markets need to be identified to prevent decline in sales\." Analyse their strategic choices with their options- why they made the choices that they did and recommendations. Has their strategic focus changed? Look for critical success factors, matches and mismatches. Identify any key areas that have affected Nike. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Business Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Look at tools of analysis e. g. swot analysis, pestle, value chain, porter’s 5 forces, shareholder matrix, resource view, 4 p’s, BCG matrix. etc and others to come to your answer. Introduction Nike operates within the sports footwear and apparel market. Originally designing and producing running shoes, their portfolio has broadened to include a wide range of sports and leisure wear. This is all endorsed by top sporting personalities. This environment is fairly stable although terrorism and Sars has affected consumer confidence and supply networks. Mission Statement In its mission statement Nike expresses that it requires doing business in a responsible way, leading to sustainable financial growth. With the advances in technology, HR practices, the well informed and trained work force, there is very little left to differentiate organisations. Being seen to go further than the minimum required on social issues can attract and retain customers. This green cleansing attracts attention to the organisation; they are viewed as caring and social responsible (Mullins, L. 2005). A report, on the business practices of Nike through its supply chain accused the organisation of being involved in poor working conditions, violations of labour rights, low wages and harassment of its workforce. Nike takes these reports seriously. On the basis of the research findings the company has intensified the monitoring of its suppliers (Hummels, H and Timmer, D. 004) Past options To build its business with all of its partners based on trust, teamwork, honesty and mutual respect; this is expected to be returned, expecting business partners to operate on the same principles. Rationale Nike does not want to only do what is required by law, but also do what is expected of a leader Future Options Review and monitor closer the actions of business partner s Rationale To prevent bad publicity, which can damage the organisation Critical Success Factor To demonstrate to consumers the high value within the organisation to CSR. Change of Focus Theorist Hummels, H and Timmer, D. 2004 agreed that these reports were needed, Although Mullin, L. 2005 stated that it could be just green washing Nikes Function Past options the company focus on design and development Rationale This reduces long term debt has the benefit of not tying capital up in plant and equipment Future Options Rationale Critical Success Factor Reduced size of premises therefore reduced costs. Vital to have innovative employees. Products are viewed as innovative Change of Focus Theorist Johnson, G Scholes J 2004 agreed that this was a cost effective method of production Production Within several of these countries there have been problems with production, distribution and political problems. With the change in relationship between the USA and Vietnam and China, these are new production venues that Nike could explore. Past options Produce goods in the Far east Rationale Keeps costs down Future Options Vietnam and China Rationale New trade agreements, present sites are switching manufacturing to electrical goods Critical Success Factor Maintaining current standards, closer working relationships, retaining customer loyalty by guaranteed standard of product Change of Focus A shift to a more managed production Theorist All organisation need to watch changes in political and economical factors in their outsourcing. Johnson, G Scholes J 2004, Shareholder Matrix Surrounding all organisations are stakeholders, all with varied levels of authority, power and interest towards the organisation Mendelow (1991) considered a matrix that classifies the level of power and interest a stakeholder has in an organisation. Although once each group of stakeholders is recognised, it cannot be assumed that their level of interest will remain the same (Mendelow (1991) cited in Scholes, K. Johnson, J 1997:198). Jones (1995) argue that the stakeholder framework is practical for considering business and society issues, because it identifies the sources of a corporation’s social obligations and its set of stakeholders (Jones (1995) cited in Rowley, T. 1998:28). Therefore by Nike concentrating on their stakeholders it has placed Corporate Social responsibility high on the ir agenda. The organisation has to demonstrate transparency in all actions and reporting. This can cause conflict with the shareholders. Common in stakeholder theory is compromises on both sides that can obviously haze over differences; this primary characteristic is accepted as contra-distinctiveness from the shareholder value. This was discussed by Friedman, (1993) that the ultimate purpose of a company should be serving the interests of its shareholders (Friedman, (1993) Value Chain Nike’s supply chain provides a clear view of the extent of the global nature of the company. Nike’s headquarters are in America; however, virtually all of its production takes place outside of the United States. Nike’s supply chain upstream begins with the materials used in the production of its products. Many of these materials used in production are available in the locations which the manufacturing takes place, but some specialised materials have to be imported to the manufacturing company. Past options Outsourcing of all production Rationale Reduced costs Future Options Outsource with stronger control Rationale Speed up reporting of any problems in production, the supply chain, the greater the distance the slower the reporting of problems Critical Success Factor Reduce problems associated with distance, i. e. uality, consistency and value Change of Focus Although still outsourcing, they would gain more control over production. Theorist Johnson, G Scholes J 2004, agreed that Nike can be too far from the site of production Past options Target USA Rationale Demand and growth for footwear in the US was rapid. Future Options Future option is to enter EU markets Rationale To expand int o growing markets as US is near saturation. Critical Success Factor organic growth as well as by acquisition, also brand name, goodwill- therefore there is a match is CSF to succeed Change of Focus Maybe have to target marketing in a different way Theorist When markets are reaching saturation, new markets need to be identified to prevent decline in sales. You read "Nike Business Essay" in category "Essay examples" Johnson, G Scholes J 2004, Distribution And Retailers Nike has a strong network of retailers in 200 coutries world wide through distributors, licensees and sudsiduaries. Within the USA there are 18000 stores that retail nike products. These are well established channels. Nike made itself heavily dependant on one retailer Footlocker, representing 10% of their revenue. When Footlocker reduced their purchasing form Nike, it created a reduction in turnover in the short term. Organisations that are over dependant on one retailer are open to cash flow problems, if the retailer switches suppliers, reduces purchasing or ceases trading (Johnson, G Scholes J 2004). Past options Although they have numerous retailers, they were heavily dependant on one out let chain Rationale To sell top of the range products Future Options To negotiate partnerships deals that allow for the choice of product for the retailer Rationale To prevent sudden withdrawal of products Critical Success Factor Customer being able to rely on source of product. If withdrawn they may find an alternative product Change of Focus Closer working partnerships Theorist Organisations that are over dependant on one retailer are open to cash flow problems, if the retailer switches suppliers, reduces purchasing or ceases trading. Johnson, G Scholes J 2004 Nike has a futures, but can also ship overnight when needed. Although the futures method is currently working for Nike, Past options Futures ordering system Rationale a 6 month lead time for product orders, always knowing what is needed in production Future Options Rationale Critical Success Factor This is responsive to the market trends, but can also help retailers plan stock. Change of Focus Theorist Any change or threats within the markets could leave them overstocked (Groucutt, J. et al 2004) Sales In addition, consumer sales outside of the United States exceeded sales in the United States in 2003 with only 43% of the company’s sales coming from the US In Europe there are difficulties in entering the market, the single currency and the trade rules make entry difficult for large organisations. Past options Target the US Rationale Growing market, but is now reaching saturation Future Options Target new markets, including e-commerce Rationale To avoid a reduction in sales Critical Success Factor Entry to the markets, by advertising and targeting the audience. Ensuring accurate and quick picking of the customers order Change of Focus Shift to global marketing, selling world wide from the web targeting Generation Y. Theorist By tailoring marketing to the customer needs Nike has been successful in the past and continues to be today (Johnson, G Scholes J 2004) Nike Branding Past options global brand Rationale Consumers are willing to pay a premium price for; as they imply credibility, high quality and up-to-date global trend. Future Options When companies are bought trade under their name Rationale Moving into a new market with a brand that is already global you can reduce cost of introductory and follow-up marketing programs. Critical Success Factor Ensures customer loyalty and to widen portfolio Change of Focus Concentrating on core products as Nike, allowing growth in new diverse markets Theorist significant scales of economy are achieved Aaker 2000, this is in terms of brand development, packaging and manufacturing Marketing Sports personalities have endorsed the Nike product, although with numerous different sports and countries targeted this has been costly. The amount each personality has received is considered high. This forces the competitors to market their products in the same way. Trends within the industry have increased the number of female consumers. With advertising Nike has targeted segments of the market, this costly. Nike should review their advertising policies (Groucutt, J. et al 2004). Past options Sports personalities have endorsed the Nike product, although with numerous different sports and countries targeted Rationale To target all types of sport by choosing personalities which are at the top of their sports. Future Options To chose personalities that appeal to a wider audience Rationale To reduce advertising costs Critical Success Factor Change of Focus Theorist Groucutt, J. et al 2004 4ps The athletic shoe industry is highly competitive as well as a demanding market where fierce competition, price conscience consumers, and constant changing market trends and fads have all been attributing factors in how a manufacturer responds. Highly focused brand includes Nike, Adidas, and Reebok, they target a precise market. However, there is evidence that a brand will widen its target market as it reaches a greater level of maturity. In the case of Nike, for example, there was a move into new sports areas away from the running heritage. Nike’s target audience has moved from more masculine towards female and Generation Y. Price is related to Product, through the characteristics of the brand, it’s packaging and overall image. People are buying into an ideal, not just the item. Consumers believe that there is a link between quality of a product and the price. Consumers question what they are getting for their money. Brand Management, customer awareness and loyalty, is directly linked to the price, therefore maintenance of the relationship between brand images; quality and price have to be consistent (Johnson, G Scholes J 2004). Models Used In Analysis Swot Analysis This analysis will summarise key issues from the business environment and the strategic capacity of Nike. This can be used to judge future strategic options. Strengths Product Range Capacity for innovation Distribution expertise Single Brand Stars endorsement Contract manufacturing Large portfolio of products Weaknesses Single Brand Too many stars endorsement Contract manufacturing Spread portfolio of products Reliant on retailers Reduction of target market Opportunities New Markets E commerce Research and development Increase product line Product diversification Change target market New manufacturing countries Threats Competition Fashion Trends Contract manufacturing and copying of product (intellectual property) Consumer lifestyle changes Competition Bad press associated with Nike Outlets cancelling orders Sars Pestle This will consider environmental influences on the organisation, both in the past and with future strategic plans. Political Striking dock workers Political unrest in the production countries Terrorism in the home country Economic Slow down in the economy Reduction in consumer confidence Barriers of entry to the EU Contract manufacturing Socio-cultural Brand conscious consumers Change in buying habits in younger people Generation Y prefers other types of footwear Increase in the female share of the market Corporate social responsibility Technological Speed of change of product Design Ability Speed of News reporting Environmental Re use a shoe Sustainability philosophy Climate impact Legal Threaten action by underage workforce Poor employment record Corporate social responsibility Contract manufacturing and copying of product (intellectual property) Trade agreements Supply Chain Like every large IT undertaking, the team responsible for the implementation of Nike Supply Chain (NSC) began with a set of specific, stated goals: Enhancing Nike’s ability to respond to changing conditions; Reducing inventory and capital investment risk; Improving service to meet customer/consumer needs; Improving process, information and product quality; and Providing an efficient global supply chain with local implementation Porter’s 5 Forces This model is used to identify the sources of competition, and how to gain advantage over them. Potential Entrants Other sportswear manufacturers expanding their portfolio Cheap copies from the Far East Buyers The buyers of sports footwear have changed in the past decade. There has been and increase in women purchasing the shoes, Generation Y has a different tastes and purchasing methods. Substitutes When required for professional use there is no substitute goods, but as a fashion item there are many other goods that could be purchased. Suppliers Using production facilities in the Far East has give Nike economies of scale. Although there are now problems arising from these factories, they are switching to making there own goods, labour and political unrest causes delays in manufacturing and shipping of the goods, Competitive Rivalry Reebok, offering more choice of shoe, introducing endorsement by sports personalities, sponsoring sporting leagues Adidas have recovered from the problems that plagued them, and have a good product mix, covering a wide range of sports. BCG Matrix Nike is established within its markets, benefiting from economies of scale. This places them in the Cash Cows category on the Matrix. Cash cows market growth has slowed, and the products hold a fairly stable market share. Bibliography Books Aaker, D. (2000) Brand leadership Free Press, New York Doyle, P. (1998) Innovation in marketing Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford Drawbaugh, K. (2001) Brands in the balance meeting the challenges to commercial identity Pearson Education, London Groucutt, J. et al (2004) Marketing Essential Principals and New realities Kogan Page, Great Britain Johnson J Scholes K (1997)(4th Edition)Exploring Corporate Strategy Prentice Hall, Hemmel Hempstead. Johnson, G Scholes J (2004) (6th Edition) Exploring Corporate Strategy Prentice Hall, Hemmel Hempstead. Mullins, L. (2005) (7th Edition) Management and Organisational Behaviour Prentice Hall, Pearson, Harlow. Journals Hummels,H and Timmer, D. (2004) Investors in Need of Social, Ethical, and Environmental Information Journal of Business Ethics Jun 2004Vol. 52, Iss. 1 Kaler, J. (2003) Differentiating Stakeholder Theories Journal of Business Ethics Aug 2003. Vol. 46 Rowley, T (1998) A normative justification for stakeholder theory Business and Society. Mar 1998 Welch, J. (1997) Business ethics in theory and practice: Diagnostic notes. A prescription for value Journal of Business Ethics, Feb 1997. Vol. 16, Related Nike Resources On Business Teacher: Nike Case Study Nike SWOT Analysis How to cite Nike Business Essay, Essays

Fundamental Molecular Biology Drift in Influenza Virus

Question: Discuss about the Fundamental Molecular Biology? Answer: Technology has advanced by leaps and bounds and made the great revolution in the field of biotechnology. In the present world, the DNA-based recombinant technology has gained massive popularity. With this tool scientists can make some interesting gene manipulations. The standard sequence includes gene isolation from desired source, cleaving and introducing them into the target organism's genome to transfer required characteristics. Talking about Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT) one word that none can stop recalling is the wonderful "Superbug." It was an important product of RDT to play a prominent role in bioremediation. RDT has been applied in medical field. In this paper, the author tries to emphasize the role of RDT in vaccination. The essay will take us to the details of the preparation of the DNA vaccines and how it is introduced into the host and its clinical efficacy. It will further throw light on the outcome of DNA vaccines and the research conducted in this area. A vaccine may be an antigen of bacterial or viral origin exposed to an individual to evoke an immune response of that individual by the formation of antibodies. The process of generating the systemic immune response is called as vaccination. However, the antigenic material is prepared in a manner such that it is non-toxic, but it can trigger humoral and cell-mediated immune response against the pathogen (Kowalczyk et al., 1997), figure 1. The immune system responses to proteins and peptides on the bacterial surface. Several vaccines are commercially prepared by using recombinant hosts. During preparation of vaccines only surface features of bacteria are considered (Kindt et al., 2007). DNA vaccines are the modern types of vaccines prepared by RDT. There is ongoing research on development of vector vaccines for various diseases like HIV, Malaria, etc. In these genetic vaccines, the genome of a pathogen is fragmented, and the genes encoding proteins are directly introduced into say muscle cells of the host by in vivo transfection. So that the gene can integrate into the chromosomal DNA. Inside the host, the foreign proteins are expressed. Dendritic cells also present these antigens. This triggers the production of ctyotoxic T lymphocytes which recognise peptides associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex (Kindt et al., 2007). In the case of DNA vector vaccines, genes encoding the bacterial proteins are initially introduced into non-virulent bacteria that serve as vector or carrier. The genes and the vector are cleaved by same restriction endonuclease and are ligated using DNA ligase (as shown in figure 2). The vector is introduced in the host where it replicates and expresses the gene product of the pathogen. The vectors contain an origin of replication, antibiotic resistant markers like ampicillin that helps selection of only transformed bacteria in the ampicillin containing media, a restriction site and extra non-essential DNA (Kowalczyk et al., 1997). The antibiotic resistance gene is called as selectable markers as this helps to select only those bacteria in the media that contains vector which imparts resistance property to the bacteria. The non-transformed bacteria do not grow on media due to antibiotic sensitivity. Inside the bacteria vector replicates to express the protein encoded by the pathogen . Plasmids are introduced into host by intradermal or intramuscular injection along with diluents such as saline or sucrose and sometimes gene gun method is used. Yellow fever vaccine developed can express the product of West Nile Virus. This was the first vaccine developed for horses that showed enhanced immune response. Various micro-organisms used for DNA vaccine is vaccinia virus, adenovirus, etc. (Donnelly et al., 1995). Figure 2 describes the production of recombinant vaccinia vector vaccine. When DNA vaccine containing malarial gene was administered to human subjects, there was enhanced CTL and antibody response. However the response was low as compared to that observed in mice (Sedar et al., 2013). Therefore, there is need for more research to recommend DNA vaccine finally for human use in next few years (Monath, 2005) DNA vaccines are effective as they are not denatured inside the host and seem promising to protect against several diseases. In near future DNA vaccine will move from clinical trials to effective safe human use. It's a cost-effective and straightforward process as it can be delivered easily and has no special storage requirements. It has been found effective against influenza, rabies, etc. However, there are more complications to it because the delivery of polysaccharide antigen is not as easy as that of protein antigens. Figure 1: the Overview of an immune response to DNA vaccine. (Source: Kowalczyk et al., 1997) Figure 2: Production of vaccine by vaccinia vector. (Source: Kindt et al., 2007. The desired gene is introduced into vaccinia vector. Flanked by Thymidine kinase. The recombinant virus so produced contains the genome of pathogen and promoter of a virus at the nonessential site TK site. Thus, the cells are TK- and rescued in the medium containing Budr that kills TK+ cells). References Donnelly, J. J., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D. L., Shiver, J. W., Motzel, S. L., ... Liu, M. A. (1995). Preclinical efficacy of a prototype DNA vaccine: enhanced protection against antigenic drift in influenza virus. Nature medicine, 1(6), 583-587. Kindt, T. J., Goldsby, R. A., Osborne, B. A., Kuby, J. (2007). Kuby immunology. Macmillan. Kowalczyk, D. W., Ertl, H. C. J. (1999). Immune responses to DNA vaccines. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 55(5), 751-770. Monath, T. P. (2005). Yellow fever vaccine. Expert review of vaccines, 4(4), 553-574. Sedar, R. A.., Chang, L. J., Enama, M. E., Zephir, K. L., Sarwar, U. N., Gordon, I. J., Richman, A. (2013). Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozite vaccine. Science, 341 (6152), 1359-1365.

Unions Essays - Labour Relations, Economic History Of Canada

Unions P.1 "Unions are groups of working people who join to talk to employers about wages and conditions of work instead of workers talking to employers on an individual basis."1 Because they speak for everybody, unions can get a better deal for each worker than one employee could by negotiating with the employer. As seen in the short movie "WHY UNIONS?", non-unionized workers talks about the unfair treatment they experience in the work place. Through collective action, workers formed unions so they could have a voice in deciding wages, hours, working conditions and dealing with the many problems arises in the workplace. Unions are not just organizations trying to get more dollars and cents or better working conditions for people who hold union cards. People who don't enjoy the benefits of union protection get benefits too. "The labour movement was in the forefront of the struggles for public health care, for public education, for minimum wages, holidays and employment conditions."2 1 D. Ma rtin, Form War To Peace, Canadian Labour Congress, Quebec, 1991, P.17 2 Notes On Unions, Canadian Labour Congress, Quebec, 1992, P.1 P.2 UNION NOWADAYS "Unions are like businesses: their success depends upon attracting and retaining buyers (new members). Recently, one of the major problems faced by the union movement is that few Canadians understand what services unions come into public."3 The public also don't know the union is also helping Canada in other parts of areas such as economy, etc. The public think that the only time unions come into the public's eye is as a result of strike or withdrawal of services. This is because of the impressed strikes held by the union workers. The memorable one would be the strike held by the Toronto Transit Commission workers back in September 1991. The lack of transportation resulted in inconveniences among the public. The Canadian public becomes upset over conflict. The strikes make the public forget about the contributions of unions in other areas. "From a marketing perspective, the union movement has positioned itself like the nuclear industry -- it receives attention only when it is about to blow up, melt or leak."4 Five important needs for union movements are: 3 Alistair Davidson and Ian Mckinnon, "Unions need to study marketing," The Globe and Mail, May 8 1984, Business section, P.8 4 D. D. Carter, Canadian Industrial Relations In The Year 2000, Industrial Relations Centre, Kingston, 1992, P.50 P.3 1) job preservation 2) health preservation in the workplace 3) day-care 4) retraining 5) financial negotiations on behalf of members "Union leaders and members must become as sophisticated as management to support the attempt by Canadian business to survive fierce international competition."5 There are about four million members of Canadian unions and 10.5 million members of co-operatives. There are two choices: traditionally, unions have only tried to increase their members' standard of living by negotiating a higher wage, more benefits or fewer hours. "The union movement has played an important role in the past in the formation of new institutions such as credit unions. Today, new demands on the union movement will force it to examine its strategic choices."6 Above all, the union movement must structure itself to aid the survival of Canadian industry and Canadian jobs in a fiercely competitive world market. 5 Bryan D. Palmer, Solidarity: The Rise And Fall Of An Opposition In B. C., New Star Books, 1987, P.63 6 Peter Sinclair, Unemployment: Economic Theory And Evidence, Oxford Press, 1987, P.215 P.4 CANADIAN LABOUR CONGRESS At the national level, the "organization of unions" is the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC). The CLC is the central body in Canada and is composed of about 85 national and international unions representing about 2.2 million workers. LABOUR'S SOCIAL OBJECTIVES "The social objectives of the Canadian labour movement are a reflection of the aims and desires of a large segment of the country's working population."7 In some ways, the objectives are related to the economy. The objectives are: Health Programmes - the lack of available health care to all Canadians caused the labour movement to redouble its long-standing efforts to have a national medicare plan by which needed medical services would be available to all Canadians whatever their financial means. Medicare as a

Julia Alvarez, Famous Poet and Novelist Essay Example

Julia Alvarez, Famous Poet and Novelist Essay Example Julia Alvarez, Famous Poet and Novelist Paper Julia Alvarez, Famous Poet and Novelist Paper Julia Alvarez is a famous world-wide poet and novelist. She was raised in the Dominican Republic, which is why most of her poems and novels are written in Spanish. One of her most famous novels is called In the time of the Butterflies, which is based on her flee to the United States, from the underground, where the three Mirabel sisters were murdered. The hardships of coming into the country, and without knowing the language is what is said to be the main reason of why she began to start writing. Julia Alvarez is more of a famous author than a poet. Therefore, she doesn’t have very many poetry books, or poems put on the internet. I did find five poems that stuck out to me more than her other ones, though. The first poem is called â€Å"Household Riddle†. I despise poetry, but this poem actually got my attention as I was reading it, unlike many other poems. I think this poem is funny because it is mostly talking about the riddle, â€Å"Which came first, the chicken or the egg? † which is a funny little riddle that everyone knows. The second poem that I found is called â€Å"Hairwashing†. This poem is about how her mother used to wash her hair when ever she misbehaved, to rinse out all of the bad. I picked to do this poem because I could really picture this happening, and it reminded me of how some mothers would wash their kids’ mouths out with soap. Another poem that I’ve chosen, which is my personal favorite, is called â€Å"Against Cinderella†. This poem kind of analyzes the story of Cinderella, and it asks questions that it knows we’ve all been thinking all of these years. One line in the poem says, â€Å"I can’t believe only one woman in that town had that size foot, could fit into that shoe. † We all know we’ve wondered this too, but we just always went along with it. I like this poem; it’s cute and funny, and in a way sarcastic. The last two poems I chose are called â€Å"Dusting† and â€Å"Storm Windows†. The main reason I chose to do these poems is because they were short, and they were one of the very few poems I could find written by Julia Alvarez. I do kind of like the poem â€Å"Dusting† because the main character says she likes to write her name on the dusty cabinet every morning, and I remember I used to like to write my name in the dust when I was little, too. On the other hand, I have no idea what the poem â€Å"Storm Windows† is about. The only reason I chose it was because it was short. Overall, I regret picking Julia Alvarez as my poet. I, personally, don’t really like her poetry, and she must have not even have written that many poems because I can barely find anything on her. Also, I don’t understand why a lot of her poems are about housekeeping and chores. But, since I have to make the best out of this, I chose five poems that I thought were the best. I like to read something that will grab my interest, keep my attention, and maybe make me think a little bit, and I believe that the five poems that I have chosen do so. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996. Alvarez, Julia.. â€Å"Dusting. † Homecoming: new and collected poems. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. , 1996.

Violent Video Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Violent Video Games - Essay Example Playing video games has adverse effects especially to the players. This is because they spend most of their time sitting down playing video games. It may result to cases of obscenity because the children are not involving themselves in physical activities (Jamieson, Patrick & Daniel 425). Research has shown that, young men are affected more health wise than girls because they spend most of their time playing video games than girls do. Video games are easily accessed on the internet so young people play online with unknown adults and peers. According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, their research on violent video games effect on children shows that, video games make the kids impressionable. This is because these children involve themselves in playing video games at an age in which teenage brains are in the midst of growing. In this stage, the teenagers are wiring the circuits of relationship, self control and responsibility. This means that, what they acquire from t he violent video games they carry it to adulthood. This becomes their way of life and they do not see anything wrong in practicing what they see in the violent video games.   Research has shown that, video games activate the anger of the young kids this is as a result of playing the violent video games (Anderson et al 39).Video games dampen the brain conscience and children only think violence is the only way to survive. Thus do not even care about hurting people because their brain is dampened by the violent video games.... According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, their research on violent video games effect on children shows that, video games make the kids impressionable. This is because these children involve themselves in playing video games at an age in which teenage brains are in the midst of growing. In this stage, the teenagers are wiring the circuits of relationship, self control and responsibility. This means that, what they acquire from the violent video games they carry it to adulthood. This becomes their way of life and they do not see anything wrong in practicing what they see in the violent video games. Research has shown that, video games activate the anger of the young kids this is as a result of playing the violent video games (Anderson et al 39).Video games dampen the brain conscience and children only think violence is the only way to survive. Thus do not even care about hurting people because their brain is dampened by the violent video games. Another research gro up the American Psychological Association after their research, they observed that, playing video games makes the children less caring and helpful especially towards their age mates. Children play violent video games at a stage in which they are supposed to learn how to relate to the members of the society positively or in the correct manner. At this stage they are also supposed to learn how to solve conflicts once they arise, but when they dedicate most of their time playing the violent video games they do not even learn how they should learn to leave peacefully with the members of the society. As a result of this, even in their adult life they do not even know how to solve conflicts once they arise leading to

Comparison and Contrast of Republican and Democrats Assignment

Comparison and Contrast of Republican and Democrats - Assignment Example There are many different opinions on issues between Republicans and Democrats. The opinions range from health care, taxes, military, abortion, and foreign policy. There has been a long history between the two parties. The history dates back to the late 1700s and middle 1800s. The founding of the two parties marked the beginning of the debating. Americans were forced to choose sides. The side that you chose says a lot about what your beliefs, values and your difference in philosophy are. The Republicans are generally considered conservative, pro-business and against bureaucracy. The party was founded in 1854 by President Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican President during the anti-slavery expansion and American Civil War. Republicans follow traditional values which focus on unified families such as biblical foundations, moral codes, and values that are passed down from generation to generation. The Democrats are liberal and favor, government, society, equality, are against discrimination and environmentally conscious. The foundation of the Democratic Party dates back to before American independence from British Rule in 1792 and was organized by Thomas Jefferson. Democrats believe in each having an obligation in our community, each other and family. They pay remembrance to ancestors, slavery, immigrants and the belief that status and wealth does not entitle one to rule. Republicans are strong in Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma whereas, Democrats are strong in California and Massachusetts. Economically the Republicans favor that taxes should not be increased for anyone especially the wealthy and wages should reflect the market. Democrats, on the other hand, favor the poor, minimum wages and tax increase in the wealthy.  Ã‚  

Floor Painting is the in Things Now-a-days Assignment

Floor Painting is the in Things Now-a-days - Assignment Example The colors scattered on the floor gave a very beautiful look and I was surprised to see this new art form on the floor. I had never seen such a thing earlier so it made me feel very good. I wanted to be a part of this activity so I asked one of the painters what he was painting. He told me that they were painting mother earth, with the figures of the planet and the earth in relation with one another. I enjoyed being there. The people gathered there to witness the activity were also surprised to see that such an event was taking place in front of their eyes. In fact, the whole scene was way too beautiful for me to envision and indeed understand. I asked many questions of the people who were present there. The artists were trying their best to paint the earth and its different colors. They were using the blue color for the water that is there in abundance on our planet and the other colors were used for the continents. There was a wide variety of colors spread on the floor which looked very astounding. I was happy to see positive enthusiasm within the people. It reflected their interest in the work that they were doing. It also spoke of their attachment to Mother Nature and anything that looked beautiful for their own sake. It is indeed our duty to make our earth look beautiful with each passing day (Marlin 1989). This activity was very enthralling in the sense that it made all of us feel happy and merry with delight and the colors that were spread all around made a jovial feel towards the activity that was going on. I stayed there for at least an hour and then I decided to take some snaps of the activity that was going on. I took a number of good-looking photographs and then I left the place with a feeling that there are still people present in this world, who want to do away with pollution.

The Taboo Subject Of Death

The Taboo Subject Of Death The Oxford English Dictionary defines Taboo as being a social or religious custom placing a ban or restriction on a particular thing or topic. The Adjective added to that definition was banned or restricted by social custom ( Oxford University Press 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006). For many people, death is a taboo subject in spite of the fact that it is of universal concern, but is this statement necessarily true across cultures and countries? This essay will explore both the topical statement and the question. We will look at death from a brief historical context and how, if at all, the passage of time has altered the perception and the acceptance of death. We will take a look at two research studies undertaken in the United Kingdom and in the United States and then look at New Zealands diverse multi cultural society. Does a different cultural perspective of death change when absorbed into a western culture? We will also show that whilst death is still a taboo subject in some cultures, i t is more the inability of people to be comfortable in dealing with the terminally ill and our awkwardness in accepting that death is the inevitable end to our physical life as we know it. Coupled with this, is the fear of the great unknown and these three factors combine to contribute to our unwillingness to talk about of death, rather than death being a taboo subject per say. The fact is, is that we just dont know how. Space is often described as the final frontier. But could death be defined within the same context? Often, the subject of death is easier to discuss in general terms rather than on a personal level. Some of the factors that may give reason to this are as follows: Death in the media may often be portrayed as being violent, traumatic or speedy. This image usually involves some disaster or trauma in order to become newsworthy. In contrast, most real-life deaths are usually un-newsworthy, but this may lead to the developing of a stereotyped view of death that relates to the media image, rather than reality. Today death is not usually encountered on a personal level as frequently as history portrays, or in some other cultures outside of our western world. Science has reduced the incidence of infant mortality and there is a greater perception that technology will also prolong our life as well. There is a reduction in the spiritual belief of an afterlife. Death may now be seen as a final event and hence, becomes a more difficult subject to discuss. Families now tend to be separated and there are not the same support systems as in the past. Different bereavements and factors can affect a persons acceptance. Denial protects the individual from the initial impact of the loss. Not just the individual, but whole groups and societies deny. From a historical perspective, one can begin to see how patterns of Denial within societies changes over time and influences the present. * Lendrum, S. Syme, G. Gift of Tears, (second edition, 2004). During the period of the great Roman Empire, death was common place and more often than not, a public spectacle. The question was not of when they would die; it was more one of how. Would it be through natural causes, or, if their crime was worthy of such a death, crucifixion or rotting in some Roman dungeon. Maybe they would be promoted to the position of Gladiator. At least then they would only have to face war chariots, lions, or the choice of a blood thirsty crowd if they survived at all. And the Roman Legion was not much better. In Medieval times, death was perceived as a much greater presence than in todays societies. Not surprisingly, life expectancy was about half of that today. People had to be prepared to face death. And death was more likely to be violent, cruel and extremely painful. *Lendrum, S. Syme, G. Gift of Tears, (second edition, 2004). Death was unpredictable and uncontrollable. People had to live with a greater awareness of death around them and of their own mortality. There was always the constant reminder of death in the midst of life. One could not deny the existence of death and were forced to be more prepared to meet their deaths than today. In the last century death crossed over two distinct boundaries. With the occurrence of World Wars 1 2, Vietnam, Korea, China, Afghanistan and China, you had the violent deaths of both combatants and civilians alike. Civilians had to try and carry on with their lives as best they could and at the same time, knowing that this day could be their last. And for those left at home, it wasnt overly better. Not that they were openly threatened with death, but had, to a certain extent, live with a living death. trying to live a reasonably normal life, yet constantly living in the fear of whether or not their loved one would return. Admittedly, death within the context of the above is portrayed in somewhat violent and uncertain terms but throughout, there are three poignant observations that arise: 1/ There are those that live with death face to face on a daily basis. 2/ There are those that live in a somewhat removed position from the turmoil of what is happening. Not isolated but knowing that at some stage they will have to face reality. 3/ Death is something that we will all face head on. The question is, do we acknowledge our mortality and learn to be open about it, or do we hide from the reality and repress our innermost fears? In their book Awareness of dying, Glaser and Strauss (2005), researched the average Americans attitude to death and dying. One key point that they found was the strangely paradoxical attitude that revealed itself. Whilst Americans were seemingly able to accept that death was an everyday affair in that on a daily basis, newspapers confronted the brutal fact of death directly (from front page headlines to back page funeral notices, someone was always dying somewhere), they generally seemed to prefer to talk about a particular death rather than about death in the abstract. Characteristically, Americans are unwilling to talk openly about the process of dying itself and also prone to not telling a dying person that they are dying. This, in part, is a moral attitude life is preferable to whatever may follow it. One should not look forward to death. Feifel, H. Death, (as cited in Farberow, N.L., 1963). Social and Psychological problems involved in terminality are perhaps most acute when the dying person knows that they are dying. For this reason, Physicians in America are quite reluctant to disclose impending death to their patients. Fieifel, H. Death, (1961, p 17). The problem of awareness is crucial as to what happens both to the dying patient and to the people who give medical and nursing care, as well as those supporting the patient. Whilst one view of awareness is a technical one: should the patient be told they are dying and what is to be done if they dont know or only suspect, there is also a moral one involving professional ethics, social issues, and personal values. Should a dying person be denied the opportunity to make peace with their conscience and with their God, and to settle their affairs and provide for the future of their family? Do they have the right to control their style of dying, much as they controlled their style of living? Does anyone have the right to withhold such information? Fulton, R. Death and Self, (July 1964) In their article titled Dying Conversation Death remains a taboo subject among Brits (25th Sept. 2002), Norwich Union wrote the following: Death is a taboo subject when it comes to conversation. The topic is the most avoided conversation item for around 1 in 5 people nationwide. Women feel more at ease discussing the subject than men. Research also revealed that: .Death is seen as less of a taboo by the youngest (16 24) and oldest (65+), than all other age groups, while religion was the biggest conversational taboo among the 30 something group. .Both death and sex are considered equally taboo subjects by woman. .Death is seen as the biggest taboo by 24% of Londoners far more than anywhere else in Britain. .People in the Northwest are the most likely to openly discuss death only 12% of people asked described death as the biggest taboo. Forty eight percent of people questioned also said that they were treated differently by others after their friend or loved one died and nearly 54% said advice on how to support someone who has suffered bereavement would be useful. Research showed that 2 out of every 3 people in the UK have lost either a close family member or a friend in the last 3 years yet as a nation, we still find it extremely difficult to discuss death and to cope with bereavement. Does culture have any direct influence on how people handle death? In many cultures, there are taboos surrounding death do not touch a dead body least you inherit the disease; do not cremate the body as then the spirit will not rest and will return to persecute (the family). But are these taboos about openly discussing death or merely cultural beliefs as to how to treat the deceased. And what happens to such culture when absorbed into another, larger culture? Such is the case within New Zealand where the country boosts one of the highest cross cultural populations in the western world. For example and from a Maori perspective, serious illness, dying, death and grieving are among the most sacred and important in Maori life. Sanctity (tapu), Ceremony (kawa) and Language (reo), are intertwined in all of Maori life and traditions, and held in the highest regard. Unity, harmony and balance are central to their culture and are maintained through the systems of customary practices and the law of Tapu. For the Maori, serious illness or the process for a terminally ill person is very much a living, family (Whanau) affair. Relatives and friends gather daily beside the patient, either at home or at the hospital, each providing spiritual, moral, emotional and physical support for the patient and for the family. The interests of the patient and family are of paramount concern. Karakia (prayers and incantations) are an integral part and often both traditional Maori and modern Christian believes are combined and whilst traditional healing practices are still practiced, acknowledgement is given for the place and role of scientific medicine. Without great expansion on Maori culture and even given the current cultural climate, Maori traditions and practices continue to be an integral part of Maori life and will undoubtedly continue to be so. It is, perhaps, one of the truly sacred and time honoured cultures that have withstood the test of time in what is basically, a strong western culture. Maori do not appear to have any taboos when it comes to the overall aspect of sickness and Death. In fact, they seem to embrace and encompass it within their Tapu and Kawa. Keene, L. A race nearly lost, (1989, June). Ngata, N.P. Death, dying and grief: a Maori perspective, (1986). Other cultural groups within New Zealand have very similar views and practices in their attitude towards death and dying. In the case of either serious illness and/or in dealing with the terminally ill, it is very much a strong family time with both practical and spiritual/moral support being on constant avail. Of one major exception is that of the Niueans. For them, death is regarded as taboo. Discussion of death amongst themselves or with the dying is forbidden unless the dying raises their impending death. However though, within the same context, the family and friends of the dying/seriously ill person will maintain a constant bedside vidual. People have always grappled with the meaning of death. This was probably mitigated during the Middle Ages by a belief in an afterlife a belief that death was not the end and that the soul moved to another place. Christianity and other faiths expand on this belief. This discomfort about death has lead to shame and embarrassment and an avoidance of talking or writing about death. Euphemisms are often used, especially when talking to children. Such euphemisms as: Snuffed it; Kicked the bucket; Passed away/on; Pushing up daisies; all serve to distance ourselves from the effects of death. We experience great uncomfortableness in attempting to talk to the terminally ill, even if they are family. Out of shear awkwardness, we may say nothing at all and in doing so deprive both ourselves and the dying person of physical touch, words of comfort, and the recognition and emotional connectedness that we all desire. The very words and the valuable proof of our affection and tenderness go unsaid. Hockey, J. (1990, as cited in Lendrum, S. Syme, G., 2004). Freud et al, (as cited in Lendrum, S. Syme, G. 2004), pointed out the connection between the fear of death and the feeling of guilt. Putting into a simple example, Adam and Eve were immortal in Paradise but once they had sinned, became mortal and were condemned to die. That death was punishment for evil committed. The notion that death is a punishment could be used as a way of trying to make sense of death. This same notion could also have contributed to our fear of death and in turn, our guilt. Guilt is a strong emotion that is almost always experienced both by the dying and by those who survive. Not only are the feelings of if only I had.., I only wish that I .., experienced, but even in death, the deceased can be tainted with guilt by those who can find no better way of dealing with their own guilt and fears..Aids is caused by promiscuity..serves them right! An awareness of this might allow us to understand the value of confession and forgiveness. As a personal comment, I have experienced more than 15 deaths in my 53 years of life. These include both of my birth Parents (I was adopted at birth), My Parents, My first real girlfriend (as a result of a plane crash), and numerous motor vehicle accidents involving death where I just happened to be first on the scene. In particular, I recall the deaths of my Father and Mother. My Father died as a result of lung cancer, at home in 1968. I was 12 years old. Throughout the period of 8 months including major lung surgery, my Mother never once said anything to myself or my brother about Dads impending death. In fact we didnt really comprehend it until the day that Dad wasnt at home anymore and the house was totally silent. My mother died from cancer in a Hospice at Lower Hutt. I was 34 and in my first marriage. Mum had been living with my then wife and me for 6 months prior and when she finally died, I wasnt even present. I had struggled to talk to her or even my wife of her death and took solace in alcohol big time. In conclusion, throughout the research of this topic I have found that there are certainly some situations and circumstances in which the subject of death is taboo. However, I am personally of the belief that it is not that the subject is taboo per say; it is more the case of that we just dont know how to speak of, let alone handle death. Society is slowly changing in both the dialogue of, and the acceptance of death on deaths terms, but in saying that, I firmly believe that we, as New Zealand Europeans, can learn a lot from the vast array of other cultures within our country. The question is..Do we want to

Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations is a very enjoyable book for the reader for many reasons. Overall, Great Expectations is a novel that effectively depicts the emotions and feelings of the characters in the story and has a plot that maintains the reader’s interest. These elements, along with others help to make the novel appealing for the reader. When young boy by the name of Philip Pirrup (referred to a Pip by all that know him) encounters an escaped convict in a churchyard, he is extorted to get food and a file for the man. Once Pip retrieves these items for the man, he learns that the man is in fact, an escaped convict. Pip, although being only seven at the time, was part of the group that apprehended the convict. For a few years following this event, Pip frequently visited extremely wealthy old women named Miss Havisham. In the process, he falls in love with the woman’s adopted daughter named Estella. She, however, despises him for being common and not a gentleman and she frequently puts him down and, on one occasion, causes him to cry. After about a year of providing company, she tells him not to visit her any more and pays him for his services. Soon after, Pip is told that his prior plans to be a blacksmith (he was apprenticed to his brother-in-law) were not to be and that he had come into Great Expectations. His benefactor was to remain a secret until the person revealed himself or herself, but Pip was certain that it was Miss Havisham. Pip was very happy not only because his new wealth but also because he was certain that he was to marry Estella whom he still loved. Pip moved to London where he befriended his new tutor’s son and his guardian’s co-worker. Pip was quite shocked, however, when he found his benefactor to be not Miss Havisham, but rather the same man who Pip helped to apprehend when he was a convict. Also his sister, who had raised him since his parents died when he was very young, had died due to an attack she had suffered months before. This devastated him in that he would no longer be wed to Estella. When he professed his love to her, he learned that she was to be married to a person whom he despised. Pip later discovered that his benefactor, named Magwitch was the real father of Estella.

Musical Instruments Speech Essay

The Chinese philosopher Confucius said long ago that â€Å"Music produces a kind of pleasure which human nature cannot do without. † Being able to play any musical instrument is extremely satisfying. This includes everyone from the person who has mastered her instrument right down to the beginner who knows only a few chords. I personally believe that if there’s one thing you should learn in your lifetime, it’s how to play an instrument. Learning to play a musical instrument offers a lot of benefits and can bring joy to you and to everyone around you.. Here the four most important benefits of playing instruments: The first benefits, is that playing a musical instrument makes you smarter. Playing an instrument helps the mind to be alert and remain active eventually helping to sharpen the memory. Learning an instrument requires you to learn about tones and scores which increase your ability to store audio information. According to an article from The Telegraph online magazine, â€Å"New research suggests that regularly playing an instrument changes the shape and power of the brain and may be used in therapy to improve cognitive skills. There is continually more evidence that musicians have organizationally and functionally different brains compared to non-musicians, especially in the areas of the brain used in processing and playing music. These parts of the brain that control motor skills, hearing, storing audio information and memory become larger and more active when a person learns how to play an instrument and can apparently improve day to day actions such as being alert, planning and emotional perception. And according to Lutz Jancke, a psychologist at the University of Zurich, said: â€Å"Learning to play a musical instrument has definite benefits and can increase IQ by seven points, in both children and adults. † For children especially we found that learning to play the piano for instance teaches them to be more self-disciplined, more attentive and better at planning. All of these things are very important for academic performance, so can therefore make a child brighter. The second benefits, is that playing a musical instruments relieves stress. Playing any instrument can actually help release the endorphins in your body, which will also result in reduced levels of stress Playing music naturally can soothe not only others, but the musician as well, not only the actual sound of the instrument, but also the release of creativity and emotion, as well as the simple vibration of an instrument against a player’s body can significantly lower a musician’s stress level.. The study’s principal investigator, Barry Bittman, M. D. f the Mind-Body Wellness Center in Meadville, PA, says these unique findings not only shed new light on the value of active music participation, but also extend our understanding of individualized human biological stress responses on an unprecedented level. Most people would be very surprised at just how easily their stress and problems can be forgotten while playing their instrument on a quiet evening. There are no pressures or expectations while playing. This creates a perfect environment for relieving stress, along with the joy and relaxation of listening to your own musical creations. The third benefits, is that playing musical instruments enhances an individual’s ability to recognize emotion in sound. The musicians had a heightened response to the complex portion of the sound, where the frequency rapidly changes. When the musicians heard the simple sections of the sound they had lower responses. Musicians showed enhanced responses to the most acoustically complex portion of the stimulus and decreased activity to the more periodic, less complex portion. the musicians conserve neural resources while processing simpler sounds (economy) and deploy them to more thoroughly respond to complex sounds (enhancement). The study found that the more years of musical training and the earlier the age in which the musical studies began, the more enhanced their nervous systems were to process emotion in sound. Historically, it has been thought that the auditory brainstem is fixed, that information flows through without changing any of the circuits. According to Kraus’ research shows that it is not only trainable, but more malleable than previously thought. Scientists know that emotion is carried less by the linguistic meanings of words than by the way the sound is communicated. Kraus’ work reveals that brain changes involved in playing a musical instrument enhance one’s ability to detect subtle emotional cues in conversation. And last most important benefits of playing instruments, is that playing a musical instrument is fun. Everybody enjoys hearing music, but the people who make the music have the most fun. Once you get better playing your chosen musical instrument, you will be able to demonstrate what you have been learn to your families and friends that gives you fun and enjoyment. The songwriter Bob Dylan has written numerous well-known songs using only a few chords. There is nothing like the feeling of suddenly walking into a room and playing a song you just learned or wrote for a friend. You don’t have to be Beethoven to appreciate the benefits. And it is nothing but fun to sit down with a couple of friends and play and sing a song. In this camaraderie there is an endless amount of discovery and laughs to be had. The sound you’re making rises and falls, singing in the voice of the instrument. But it’s not really the instrument that’s making those great sounds—it’s you! It’s fun, even when you play by yourself. Playing in a group is even better because other players are sharing the fun. There’s no way to have all that fun than for you to be the person who is playing the music! As you can see, playing a musical instrument has many benefits and hopefully that will motivate you to keep on practicing and always hold music in high esteem. Whenever you come across challenges as a musician, think about the end results and always remind yourself of all the great reasons you love to play. I’ll leave you with an inspiring quote by jazz saxophonist and composer Charlie Parker who once said, â€Å"Music is your own experience, your thoughts, your wisdom. If you don’t live it, it won’t come out of your horn. †

Profile of Spanish Dictator Francisco Franco

Profile of Spanish Dictator Francisco Franco Francisco Franco, the Spanish dictator and general, was perhaps Europes most successful fascist leader because he actually managed to survive in power until his natural death. (Obviously, we use successfully without any value judgment, were not saying he was a good idea, just that he curiously managed not to get beaten on a continent which saw a vast war against people like him.) He came to rule Spain by leading the right-wing forces in the civil war, which he won with Hitler and Mussolinis help and came to cling on by surviving against many odds, despite the brutality and murder of his government.   Early Career of Francisco Franco Franco was born into a naval family on Dec. 4  1892. He wanted to be a sailor, but a reduction in admissions to the Spanish Naval Academy forced him to turn to the army, and he entered the Infantry Academy in 1907 aged 14. Upon completing this in 1910, he volunteered to go abroad and fight in Spanish Morocco and did so in 1912, soon winning a reputation for his ability, dedication, and care for his soldiers, but also one for brutality. By 1915 he was the youngest captain in the entire Spanish army. After recovering from a serious stomach wound he became second-in-command and then commander of the Spanish Foreign legion. By 1926 he was brigadier general and a national hero. Franco had not taken part in the coup of Primo de Rivera in 1923, but still became director of a new General Military Academy in 1928. However, this was dissolved following a revolution which expelled the monarchy and created the Spanish Second Republic. Franco, a monarchist, stayed largely quiet and loyal and was restored to command in 1932 - and promoted in 1933 - as a reward for not staging a right-wing coup. After being promoted to Major General in 1934 by a new rightist government, he savagely crushed a rebellion of miners. Many died, but he had raised his national reputation still further among the right, although the left hated him. In 1935 he became Chief of the Central General Staff of the Spanish Army and began to reforms. The Spanish Civil War As divisions between the left and the right in Spain grew, and as the country’s unity unraveled after a left-wing alliance won power in elections, Franco appealed for a state of emergency to be declared. He feared a communist takeover. Instead, Franco was sacked from the General Staff and sent to the Canary Islands, where the government hoped he was too far away to start a coup. They were wrong. He eventually decided to join the planned right-wing rebellion, delayed by his sometimes mocked caution, and on July 18,  1936, he telegraphed the news of a military rebellion from the Islands; this was followed by a rising on the mainland. He moved to Morocco, took control of the garrison army, and then landed it in Spain. After a march towards Madrid, Franco was chosen by the nationalist forces to be their head of state, due in part to his reputation, distance from political groups, the original figurehead had died, and partly because of his new hunger to lead. Franco’s nationalists, aided by German and Italian forces, fought a slow, careful war which was brutal and vicious. Franco wanted to do more than win, he wanted to ‘cleanse’ Spain of communism. Consequently, he led the right to complete victory in 1939, whereupon there was no reconciliation: he drafted laws making any support for the republic a crime. During this period his government emerged, a military dictatorship supported, but still separate and above, a political party which merged Fascists and Carlists. The skill he exhibited in forming and holding together this political union of right-wing groups, each with their own competing visions for post-war Spain, has been called ‘brilliant’. World War and Cold War The first real ‘peacetime’ test for Franco was the start of World War 2, in which Franco’s Spain initially lent towards the German-Italian Axis. However, Franco kept Spain out of the war, although this was less to do foresight, and more the result of Franco’s innate caution, Hitler’s rejection of Franco’s high demands, and a recognition that the Spanish military was in no position to fight. The allies, including the US and Britain, gave Spain just enough aid to keep them neutral. Consequently, his regime survived the collapse and total defeat of his old civil-wartime supporters. Initial post-war hostility from the western European powers, and the US – they viewed him as the last fascist dictator – was overcome and Spain was rehabilitated as an anti-communist ally in the Cold War. Dictatorship During the war, and during the early years of his dictatorship, Franco’s government executed tens of thousands of â€Å"rebels†, imprisoned a quarter of a million, and crushed local traditions, leaving little opposition. Yet his repression loosened slightly over time as his government continued into the 1960s and the country transformed culturally into a modern nation. Spain also grew economically, in contrast to the authoritarian governments of Eastern Europe, although all this progress was more due to a new generation of young thinkers and politicians than to Franco himself, who became increasingly distant from the real world. Franco also became increasingly viewed as above the actions and decisions of subordinates who took the blame went things went wrong and earned an international reputation for developing and surviving. Plans and Death In 1947 Franco had passed a referendum which effectively made Spain a monarchy headed by him for life, and in 1969 he announced his official successor: Prince Juan Carlos, eldest son of the leading claimant to the Spanish throne. Shortly before this, he had allowed limited elections to parliament, and in 1973 he resigned from some power, remaining as head of the state, military, and party. Having suffered from Parkinson’s for many years – he kept the condition secret - he died in 1975 following a protracted illness. Three years later Juan Carlos had peacefully reintroduced democracy; Spain had become a modern constitutional monarchy. Personality Franco was a serious character, even as a child, when his short stature and high pitched voice caused him to be bullied. He could be sentimental over trivial issues, but exhibited an icy coldness over anything serious, and appeared capable of removing himself from the reality of death. He despised communism and Freemasonry, which he feared would take over Spain and disliked both east and west Europe in the post-World War II world.

Business plan for an Online Art Gallery The WritePass Journal

Business plan for an Online Art Gallery Task 1 Business plan for an Online Art Gallery Task 1Task 2Project plan for the site development:Task 3Market Analysis:Target Market: The Competition for the art gallery:Marketing Plan for the art gallery:Meeting Customer Needs:Quality vs. Quantity of the art gallery:Buying policy of the art gallery:Payment methods not allowed on the art gallery site:Promotional activities for the art gallery:Market segmentation for the art gallery:Task 41. The returns policy that will apply for the art gallery is given below:2. The regions and/or the countries that the gallery will deliver to;3. What the cost of deliveries will be:Task 5PresentationTask 6Task 71. Buyer Protection for the art gallery2. Buyer eligibility and other restrictions3. Fraudulent charges not coveredPayment methods not allowed on eBay:Reference:Related Task 1 You need to do some research to familiarise yourself with the subject area and to gain some ideas about how you can carry out the rest of the project. There are a number of websites that specialise in the sale of paintings and craft items. Use a maximum of 1 hour to review these resources. Bookmark the relevant sites and make notes of information that you can use in your assignment. Business Plan for the Online Art Gallery starts in the internet. Art gallery business is no different business than the other business that happens in the internet. Now a day various established galleries have adapted to this internet medium and number of  Ã‚   new business are rapidly developed across world in the internet business. Internet has opened the art business as various major barriers are demolished –distance area and limitation of demand and wants choices by the customer. In past if someone has to buy art material they have to reach to the place where that particular art is located and second thing is there was limitation of choices. lot of time and traveling expenses also beard by the customer .Now if any one like to purchase an European painting they are not failed by choices nor have to go to Europe. The rapid growth level of prosperity in the foreign countries has also given a dimension to the art industry across the world, as more and more people now a day c an afford to collect of their prospective and desired products within a short time period if the place of the produced product not in their country boundary. For an example10000 people   of America can   seeing and buying paintings, drawing, prints, sculptures and photographs by artists of almost all periods from the   organized exhibition by the Art gallery situated in the USA. Various Artists are now look for avenues on internet to sell their products and try to get benefit than the analog system of buying and selling the product. Though every artist has no personal website as selling their product to customers is one of the lacings of online marketing. The online site of art gallery will provide a instant platform for artists and will help in selling their product. Task 2 Produce a project plan for the way you intend to complete the rest of this assignment. For planning, use the timescale you have been allocated for this assignment i.e.   from   the   date   you   start   to   the   date   you submit your assignment. Submit a copy of your plan to your tutor BEFORE you proceed further with the assignment. Project plan for the site development: The site development procedure start from the 11th July and the completion date possibly 2 month later from the starting date. The project plan include the resource allocation for the site development, feasibility study for the market, marketing strategy development and implementation, action plan for the project, termination of the project, project funding etc. Gant chart of the project: Particular 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days feasibility study site development Marketing strategy development action plan the project termination project funding Task 3 Marketing plans are detailed strategies of how to go about successfully marketing a product or products and earning a projected amount of return from the effort. A comprehensive marketing plan will consider such important elements as distribution costs, production costs, advertising expenses and any expense related to identifying and marketing the products to the consumers in the targeted markets. The marketing plan may focus on strategies related to the upcoming twelve-month period, the next calendar year, or include a span of three to five years into the future. The art gallery currently takes a commission of 30% on the price of each painting that they sell and, on average,   sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   by   each   artist   per   month.   The owner believes that it will be possible to set up similar commission deals with the craftspeople. The possible marketing plan for the project of the art gallery: Products and Services for the art gallery: The existing products for the art gallery are given below: Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery. Market Analysis: The market analysis explains the market situation and the opportunity and the threat of the market. It is one of the parts of industry analysis and this also the global environmental analysis for market. Through this market analyses the company or marketers can understand the chances, strengths, weaknesses and risks. The art gallery on the online is huge demand to the customer in the local as well as the worldwide. The online art gallery market is expanding day by day. The owner of the art gallery understand the situation by market analysis.by severing different site and the customer they realize that the customer wants to buy this kind of product that they provide in the art gallery. If they launch the online art gallery the local people and the global people can buy their product easily. But they have to consult with online art gallery and develop an effective site where the customer can sell and buy their product. This product has huge demand in the local market and also in the European market as well as global. Target Market: The art gallery provides Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery to the customers.so the potential customer are available mainly artist, art loving people, and all kinds and all level of people who want to but this product. The Jewellery customers mainly are the female person. The Competition for the art gallery: There are many established online gallery in the market .so the new market entrance the gallery should follow the strategy to market growth and expansion policy. The main competitors of this gallery are E-bay, Picasa, slideshow, picture gallery, global art gallery, and so on. Marketing Plan for the art gallery: The art gallery currently takes a commission of 30% on the price of each painting that they sell and, on average,   sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   by   each   artist   per   month.   The owner believes that it will be possible to set up similar commission deals with the craftspeople. Meeting Customer Needs: Our customers require fresh Pottery, Wood sculptures, Glassware, Jewellery. The system for establishing customer needs is based on the product offering of our competitors. Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery demand in the market is huge and the customer may purchase from the site if the site is launched  .the site develop such a way that meet the all demand of the customer. The site develops such a way that product quality and quantity is mentioned in the site. The owner of the gallery tries to meet the customer demand in high quality and provide the mentioned demand from the customer. Quality vs. Quantity of the art gallery: the existing   artist sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   per   month. If the online art gallery is established then it would be possible to sell at least 30 painting for each artist per month initially. The art gallery site visitors make choice the art paints and the quantities of the product may increase to the site .there are 30 artists make the painting at about 1000 paintings including oil paintings and  Ã‚   sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery products at about 1500 made by the 40 artist in this gallery.so product quality and quantity of this art gallery is satisfactory for the launching the online art gallery. Buying policy of the art gallery: The art gallery if launch the site the possible payment methods listed below: By PayPal By ProPay By Moneybookers By Paymate By Credit card or debit card Payment methods not allowed on the art gallery site: In this site buyers can’t ask to sellers to the following things.it is the payment method of the art gallery.so their specific system of payment system To Send cash through the mail is not applicable To   Send cash or money orders through instant, point-to-point cash transfer services (that are not banks) such as Western Union or MoneyGram To Mail checks or money orders (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay through bank-to-bank transfers (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay by topping off a sellers prepaid credit or debit card To Pay using online or other payment methods not specifically permitted in this policy Promotional activities for the art gallery: the art gallery’s possible promotion al activities includes the advertising on the social network site life Facebook, Ayol, yahoo messenger, Google talk, Skype and so other site .some exhibition may arrange for the customer attraction to the product. Some completion may arrange for the customer in the online and gift them luxurious product. Potential domain names the potential domain name is the big factor to attract the people on the site .so the assistant of the site proposed the tree domain name for the site those are given below: global art gallery Vinci art gallery world art gallery Advertising and other r promotional cost for the site development: The art gallery estimate that the cost of the site development and advertising and other promotional activities. The competition of the various social site and gift given by the art gallery is about monthly cost $50.the advertising cost will be estimated at about $100.promotional activities of the art gallery cost will be the $50. Market segmentation for the art gallery: The art gallery segments the market in different areas such as the local area, global area, sub-local area and far area. The local areas segmented by the owner for the ease of the marketing delivery. Distribution channel of the art gallery globally segmented for the ease of the delivery. The main areas of the art gallery are given below: Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, and Mexico. Task 4 Produce   a   draft   of   a   Delivery   and   Returns   Policy   that   could   be   included   on   the   e-commerce   site.   In particular the policy should address the following issues: 1. The returns policy that will apply for the art gallery is given below: Item must be returned within Refund will be given as Return policy details 14 days after the buyer receives the products they delivered to the customer. Exchange 14 days warranty from the received date will applicable. Buyers are responsible for the returning shipping costs under any circumstances. Return items should include the original packaging and accessories. Refund occurs only when item is lost by the shipping company. Maximum refund amount will be the selling price; shipping cost will not be refund since it has been delivered. 2. The regions and/or the countries that the gallery will deliver to; Name of the worldwide country that the gallery want to deliver their product: The art gallery segments the market in different areas such as the local area, global area, sub-local area and far area. The local areas segmented by the owner for the ease of the marketing delivery. Distribution channel of the art gallery globally segmented for the ease of the delivery. The main areas of the art gallery are given below: Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, and Mexico. 3. What the cost of deliveries will be: The local delivery cost will about the product basis. And the quantity of the product differ the cost. The other country that the gallery wish to deliver the product also mention in the site by shipping cost and airline cost for the quick delivery. Task 5 Presentation Task 6 Produce   a   list   of   ten   key   questions   to   ask   prospective   e-commerce   suppliers,   who   will   be   required   to design, develop and host the new e-commerce site on behalf of the gallery owner. The questions should seek to establish that the successful company has the necessary skills, expertise and track record to ensure that they are capable of providing a high quality level of service. list   of   ten   key   questions   to   ask   prospective   e-commerce   suppliers,   who   will   be   required   to design, develop and host the new e-commerce site on behalf of the gallery owner. Q-1: What are the products graphics tools used in the site that related toll the customers need and wants. Q-2: what is the time line of the developing the site Q-3: what are the key material for the picture and other product photography? Q-4: is there any interaction to the site developer to the artist to manage attractive deign of the site? Q-5: what amount of money taken by the site developers? Q-6: how the customers of the art gallery access the site? Q-7: is there any privacy policy include the owner of the art gallery? Q-8: should the copyright information needed to the site developer? Q-19: what category and quality of the product should be maintained for competition in the market? Q-10: is there any improvement needed to the existing product? Task 7 Put together a briefing report of no more than 600 words that summarises three of the major types of auctions that can be held, together with the main advantages and disadvantages of each. The note should also include your recommendation on the type of auction that should be used as part of the e-commerce site if the gallery owner decides to go-ahead with this opportunity. There are three major types of auctions that can be held for the art gallery and those are given below: 1. Buyer Protection for the art gallery The art gallery makes sure that resolution process when buyers claim to sellers that their item was not received or the item they received was different from what was described in the listing. Help buyers and sellers resolve disputes in fewer steps, and provide buyers with a more familiar ecommerce resolution experience. Offer an option to contact the art gallery if buyers and sellers cant reach resolution themselves. They take a more active role in ensuring transaction problems are resolved. Someone may ask to help sending or paying for an item and they are not able to. The art gallery doesnt have the items that are sold on the site. They can ask a seller to send an item, or a buyer to pay for an item, but the art gallery cant send the item to the buyer or pay the seller. When a buyer or seller doesnt complete an obligation, they take it seriously and we may limit or suspend their account privileges. They work to make sure that members on the art gallery are honest and fair. 2. Buyer eligibility and other restrictions Buyers who have purchased items on the art gallery site are eligible for the Buyer Protection Policy. Buyers who file a case through the art gallery Buyer Protection, but who did not purchase an item on the art gallery, will be redirected to the existing resolution process for the site they used, if any Sellers will use the resolution process initiated by the buyer. Resolution responsibilities and protections are outlined on the site of registration. 3. Fraudulent charges not covered The Fraudulent charges to a credit card or a PayPal account are not covered by the art gallery Protection Policy. If notice any charge on the customers PayPal account that did not authorize, report should be in the PayPal Security Center. Fraudulent charges made through the credit card should be resolved with the credit card company. Payment methods not allowed on eBay: In this site buyers can’t ask to sellers to the following things.it is the payment method of the art gallery.so their specific system of payment system To Send cash through the mail is not applicable To   Send cash or money orders through instant, point-to-point cash transfer services (that are not banks) such as Western Union or MoneyGram To Mail checks or money orders (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay through bank-to-bank transfers (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay by topping off a sellers prepaid credit or debit card To Pay using online or other payment methods not specifically permitted in this policy Reference: http://portal.ebay.eu/msn-UK/  Ã‚   viewed on 24th June,2011 http://pages.ebay.com/securitycenter/index.html analysed on 24th June,2011 http://pages.ebay.com/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html analysed on 25th June,2011 ebayonlocation.com/ analysed on 26th June,2011 randomthink.net/misc/ebay/ analysed on 27th June,2011 kiwipainting.co.nz/ analysed on 21th June,2011 net-art.it/artyou/home-e.shtml viewed on 24th June,2011 mynewsletterbuilder.com/email-marketing/art-gallery viewed on 28th June,2011 http://artmarketingsecrets.com/2009/05/how-to-attract-galleries-to-your-art-website-part-5.html viewed on 22th June,2011 net-profit-marketing.com/marketing-online-art-gallery.html viewed on 29th June,2011 thesugarhousegallery.com/art-gallery-marketing-strategy/ analysed on 24th June,2011 http://artistmarketingsalon.wordpress.com/nyc-gallery-list/ analysed on 22th June,2011